国民经济经济概况:
Tonga has a small, open island economy and is the last constitutional monarchy among the Pacific Island countries. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 53,800 visitors in 2015. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand.
++ The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from overseas Tongans to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, encouraging investment, and is committing increased funds for health care and education. Tonga's English-speaking and educated workforce offers a viable labor market, and the tropical climate provides fertile soil. Renewable energy and deep-sea mining also offer opportunities for investment.
++ Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. But the government faces high unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures.
GDP实际增长率:
2.5%
(2017 est.)
4.2%
(2016 est.)
3.5%
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 115
通货膨胀率(消费者价格):
7.4%
(2017 est.)
2.6%
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 196
GDP(按购买力平价计算,当年价格):
$591 million
(2017 est.)
$576.6 million
(2016 est.)
$553.6 million
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (官方汇率):
$455 million
(2017 est.)
GDP - 人均(购买力平价):
$5,900
(2017 est.)
$5,700
(2016 est.)
$5,400
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
世界排名: 150
GDP构成,按来源部门:
agriculture:
19.9%
(2017 est.)
industry:
20.3%
(2017 est.)
services:
59.8%
(2017 est.)
GDP构成,按最终用途:
household consumption:
99.4%
(2017 est.)
government consumption:
21.9%
(2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital:
24.1%
(2017 est.)
investment in inventories:
0%
(2017 est.)
exports of goods and services:
22.8%
(2017 est.)
imports of goods and services:
-68.5%
(2017 est.)
营商环境指数得分:
72.6
(2020)
农业 - 产品:
squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, sweet potatoes, cassava, taro, and kava
工业:
tourism, construction, fishing
工业生产增长率:
5%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 59
劳动力:
33,800
(2011 est.)
世界排名: 200
劳动力 - 按职业:
agriculture:
2,006%
(2006 est.)
industry:
27.5%
(2006 est.)
services:
2,006%
(2006 est.)
失业率:
1.1%
(2011 est.)
1.1%
(2006)
世界排名: 13
贫困线以下人口:
22.5%
(2010 est.)
按百分比划分的家庭收入或消费:
lowest 10%:
NA
highest 10%:
NA
预算:
revenues:
181.2 million
(2017 est.)
expenditures:
181.2 million
(2017 est.)
税收和其他收入:
39.8% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 42
预算盈余 (+) 或赤字 (-):
0% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 47
公共债务:
48% of GDP
(FY2017 est.)
51.8% of GDP
(FY2016 est.)
世界排名: 109
财政年度:
1 July - 30 June
经常账户余额:
-$53 million
(2017 est.)
-$30 million
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 81
出口:
$18.4 million
(2017 est.)
$19.4 million
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 213
出口 - 合作伙伴:
Hong Kong 25.1%, NZ 22.6%, US 14.3%, Japan 12.8%, Australia 10.5%
(2017)
出口 - 商品:
squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops, kava
进口:
$250.2 million
(2017 est.)
$269.8 million
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 209
进口 - 商品:
foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
进口 - 合作伙伴:
NZ 33.3%, Fiji 11.7%, US 9.8%, Singapore 9%, Australia 8.9%, China 7.9%, Japan 5.9%
(2017)
外汇和黄金储备:
$198.5 million
(31 December 2017 est.)
$176.5 million
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 176
外债:
$189.9 million
(31 December 2017 est.)
$198.2 million
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 190
汇率:
pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar -
2.27015
(2020 est.)
2.29095
(2019 est.)
2.22717
(2018 est.)
2.106
(2014 est.)
1.847
(2013 est.)
能源:电网接入:
electrification - total population:
98.9%
(2018)
electrification - urban areas:
98.9%
(2018)
electrification - rural areas:
98.9%
(2018)
电力 - 生产:
52 million kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 205
用电量:
48.36 million kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 205
电力 - 出口:
0 kWh
(2016)
世界排名: 209
电力 - 进口:
0 kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 210
电力 - 装机容量:
20,300 kW
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 203
电力 - 来自化石燃料:
74% of total installed capacity
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 97
电力 - 来自核燃料:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 196
电力 - 来自水力发电厂:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 205
电力 - 来自其他可再生能源:
26% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 28
石油 - 生产:
0 bbl/day
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 208
石油 - 出口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 207
石油 - 进口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 205
石油 - 探明储量:
0 bbl
(1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 206
精炼石油产品 - 生产:
0 bbl/day
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 209
精炼石油产品 - 消费:
900 bbl/day
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 206
精炼石油产品 - 出口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 210
精炼石油产品 - 进口:
910 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 202
天然气 - 生产:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 207
天然气 - 消费:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 207
天然气 - 出口:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 201
天然气 - 进口:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 201
天然气 - 探明储量:
0 cu m
(1 January 2014 est.)
世界排名: 201
能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放量:
139,700 Mt
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 204
通讯电话 - 固定线路:
total subscriptions:
6,748
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
6.35
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 200
电话 - 手机:
total subscriptions:
63,156
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
59.43
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 203
电信系统:
general assessment:
high speed Internet provided by 3 MNOs, has subsequently allowed for better health care services, faster connections for education and growing e-commerce services; in 2018 new 4G LTE network; fixed-line teledensity has dropped given mobile subscriptions; mobile technology dominates given the island's geography; satellite technology is widespread and is important especially in areas away from the city; the launch in 2019 of the Kacific-1 broadband satellite has made broadband more widely available for around 89 remote communities
(2020)
domestic:
fixed-line 6 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity 59 telephones per 100; fully automatic switched network
(2019)
international:
country code - 676; landing point for the Tonga Cable and the TDCE connecting to Fiji and 3 separate Tonga islands; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
(2020)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
广播媒体:
1 state-owned TV station and 3 privately owned TV stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 1 state-owned and 5 privately owned radio stations; Radio Australia broadcasts available via satellite
(2019)
互联网国家代码:
.to
互联网用户:
total:
43,889
percent of population:
41.25%
(July 2018 est.)
世界排名: 199
宽带 - 固定用户:
total:
2,519
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
2
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 186
运输全国航空运输系统:
number of registered air carriers:
1
(2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:
1
民用航空器注册国家代码前缀:
A3
(2016)
机场:
6
(2013)
世界排名: 178
机场 - 铺设跑道:
total:
1
(2019)
2,438 to 3,047 m:
1
机场 - 未铺设跑道:
total:
5
(2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
(2013)
914 to 1,523 m:
3
(2013)
under 914 m:
1
(2013)
公路:
total:
680 km
(2011)
paved:
184 km
(2011)
unpaved:
496 km
(2011)
世界排名: 189
商用船舶:
total:
36
by type:
bulk carrier 4, general cargo 14, oil tanker 1, other 17
(2019)
世界排名: 127
港口和码头:
主要海港:
Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai
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