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国民经济

经济概况:

Qatar's oil and natural gas resources are the country's main economic engine and government revenue source, driving Qatar's high economic growth and per capita income levels, robust state spending on public entitlements, and booming construction spending, particularly as Qatar prepares to host the World Cup in 2022. Although the government has maintained high capital spending levels for ongoing infrastructure projects, low oil and natural gas prices in recent years have led the Qatari Government to tighten some spending to help stem its budget deficit. ++ Qatar's reliance on oil and natural gas is likely to persist for the foreseeable future. Proved natural gas reserves exceed 25 trillion cubic meters - 13% of the world total and, among countries, third largest in the world. Proved oil reserves exceed 25 billion barrels, allowing production to continue at current levels for about 56 years. Despite the dominance of oil and natural gas, Qatar has made significant gains in strengthening non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, construction, and financial services, leading non-oil GDP to steadily rise in recent years to just over half the total. ++ Following trade restriction imposed by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt in 2017, Qatar established new trade routes with other countries to maintain access to imports.

GDP实际增长率:

1.6% (2017 est.)
2.1% (2016 est.)
3.7% (2015 est.)
世界排名: 153

通货膨胀率(消费者价格):

-0.6% (2019 est.)
0.2% (2018 est.)
0.3% (2017 est.)
世界排名: 11

信用评级:

Fitch rating: AA- (2017)
Moody's rating: Aa3 (2017)
Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2017)

GDP(按购买力平价计算,当年价格):

$344.108 billion (2019 est.)
$344.74 billion (2018 est.)
$339.668 billion (2017 est.)
note: data are in 2010 dollars

GDP (官方汇率):

$191.29 billion (2018 est.)

GDP - 人均(购买力平价):

$62,019 (2019 est.)
$63,259 (2018 est.)
$63,631 (2017 est.)
note: data are in 2010 dollars
世界排名: 16

国民储蓄总额:

50.2% of GDP (2017 est.)
42.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
47.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
世界排名: 1

GDP构成,按来源部门:

agriculture: 0.2% (2017 est.)
industry: 50.3% (2017 est.)
services: 49.5% (2017 est.)

GDP构成,按最终用途:

household consumption: 24.6% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 17% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 43.1% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 1.5% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 51% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -37.3% (2017 est.)

营商环境指数得分:

86.1 (2020)

农业 - 产品:

fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish

工业:

liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizer, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair

工业生产增长率:

3% (2017 est.)
世界排名: 105

劳动力:

1.953 million (2017 est.)
世界排名: 122

失业率:

8.9% (2017 est.)
11.1% (2016 est.)
世界排名: 136

贫困线以下人口:

NA

按百分比划分的家庭收入或消费:

lowest 10%: 1.3%
highest 10%: 35.9% (2007)

预算:

revenues: 44.1 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 53.82 billion (2017 est.)

税收和其他收入:

26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
世界排名: 112

预算盈余 (+) 或赤字 (-):

-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
世界排名: 179

公共债务:

53.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
世界排名: 88

财政年度:

1 April - 31 March

经常账户余额:

$6.426 billion (2017 est.)
-$8.27 billion (2016 est.)
世界排名: 29

出口:

$67.5 billion (2017 est.)
$57.25 billion (2016 est.)
世界排名: 56

出口 - 合作伙伴:

Japan 17.3%, South Korea 16%, India 12.6%, China 11.2%, Singapore 8.2%, UAE 6.4% (2017)

出口 - 商品:

liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel

进口:

$30.77 billion (2017 est.)
$31.93 billion (2016 est.)
世界排名: 71

进口 - 商品:

machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals

进口 - 合作伙伴:

China 10.9%, US 8.9%, UAE 8.5%, Germany 8.1%, UK 5.5%, India 5.4%, Japan 5.3%, Italy 4.3% (2017)

外汇和黄金储备:

$15.01 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$31.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 68

外债:

$167.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$157.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 39

汇率:

Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar -
3.641 (2020 est.)
3.641 (2019 est.)
3.641 (2018 est.)
3.64 (2014 est.)
3.64 (2013 est.)

能源:

电网接入:

electrification - total population: 100% (2020)

电力 - 生产:

39.78 billion kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 58

用电量:

37.24 billion kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 58

电力 - 出口:

0 kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 186

电力 - 进口:

0 kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 188

电力 - 装机容量:

8.796 million kW (2016 est.)
世界排名: 66

电力 - 来自化石燃料:

100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
世界排名: 15

电力 - 来自核燃料:

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
世界排名: 169

电力 - 来自水力发电厂:

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
世界排名: 193

电力 - 来自其他可再生能源:

1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
世界排名: 163

石油 - 生产:

1.464 million bbl/day (2018 est.)
世界排名: 17

石油 - 出口:

1.15 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 13

石油 - 进口:

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 183

石油 - 探明储量:

25.24 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 13

精炼石油产品 - 生产:

273,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 46

精炼石油产品 - 消费:

277,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
世界排名: 45

精炼石油产品 - 出口:

485,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 18

精炼石油产品 - 进口:

12,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 143

天然气 - 生产:

166.4 billion cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 4

天然气 - 消费:

39.9 billion cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 26

天然气 - 出口:

126.5 billion cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 2

天然气 - 进口:

0 cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 176

天然气 - 探明储量:

24.07 trillion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 3

能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放量:

114.2 million Mt (2017 est.)
世界排名: 40

通讯

电话 - 固定线路:

total subscriptions: 392,048
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16.29 (2019 est.)
世界排名: 101

电话 - 手机:

total subscriptions: 3,329,155
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 138.33 (2019 est.)
世界排名: 138

电信系统:

general assessment: regional leaders in telecom; highest fixed-line and mobile penetrations in Middle East; deployed over 90 5G base stations for 5G launch, claiming 1st commercial launch of 5G in the world May 2018; telecom system centered in Doha; steady LTE networks; good broadband penetration, ADSL, (Fiber-to-the-Home/Premises) FttP, wireless and mobile services; largest users of the Internet and use of OTT services and bundled services (2020)
domestic: fixed-line 16 per 100 and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 138 telephones per 100 persons (209)
international: country code - 974; landing points for the Qatar-UAE Submarine Cable System, AAE-1, FOG, GBICS/East North Africa MENA and the FALCON submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Southeast Asia; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; retains full ownership of two commercial satellites, Es'hailSat 1 and 2 (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

广播媒体:

TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jazeera claims editorial independence in broadcasting; local radio transmissions include state, private, and international broadcasters on FM frequencies in Doha; in August 2013, Qatar's satellite company Es'hailSat launched its first communications satellite Es'hail 1 (manufactured in the US), which entered commercial service in December 2013 to provide improved television broadcasting capability and expand availability of voice and Internet; Es'hailSat launched its second commercial satellite in 2018 with aid of SpaceX (2019)

互联网国家代码:

.qa

互联网用户:

total: 2,355,297
percent of population: 99.65% (July 2018 est.)
世界排名: 112

宽带 - 固定用户:

total: 267,906
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2018 est.)
世界排名: 105

运输

全国航空运输系统:

number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 251
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 29,178,923 (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 12,666,710,000 mt-km (2018)

民用航空器注册国家代码前缀:

A7 (2016)

机场:

6 (2013)
世界排名: 175

机场 - 铺设跑道:

total: 4 (2017)
over 3,047 m: 3 (2017)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2017)

机场 - 未铺设跑道:

total: 2 (2013)
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
under 914 m: 1 (2013)

直升机场:

1 (2013)

运输管道:

288 km condensate, 221 km condensate/gas, 2383 km gas, 90 km liquid petroleum gas, 745 km oil, 103 km refined products (2013)

公路:

total: 7,039 km (2016)
世界排名: 142

商用船舶:

total: 136
by type: bulk carrier 9, container ship 6, general cargo 5, oil tanker 7, other 109 (2019)
世界排名: 77

港口和码头:

主要海港: Doha, Musay'id, Ra's Laffan
液化天然气接收站 (export): Ras Laffan


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