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国民经济经济概况:
Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and inadequate intellectual property rights protection. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism.
++ The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily, mostly from domestic banks, which saddled the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007, following the July 2006 war. The "CEDRE" investment event hosted by France in April 2018 again rallied the international community to assist Lebanon with concessional financing and some grants for capital infrastructure improvements, conditioned upon long-delayed structural economic reforms in fiscal management, electricity tariffs, and transparent public procurement, among many others.
++ The Syria conflict cut off one of Lebanon's major markets and a transport corridor through the Levant. The influx of nearly one million registered and an estimated 300,000 unregistered Syrian refugees has increased social tensions and heightened competition for low-skill jobs and public services. Lebanon continues to face several long-term structural weaknesses that predate the Syria crisis, notably, weak infrastructure, poor service delivery, institutionalized corruption, and bureaucratic over-regulation. Chronic fiscal deficits have increased Lebanon's debt-to-GDP ratio, the third highest in the world; most of the debt is held internally by Lebanese banks. These factors combined to slow economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-17, after four years of averaging 8% growth. Weak economic growth limits tax revenues, while the largest government expenditures remain debt servicing, salaries for government workers, and transfers to the electricity sector. These limitations constrain other government spending, limiting its ability to invest in necessary infrastructure improvements, such as water, electricity, and transportation. In early 2018, the Lebanese government signed long-awaited contract agreements with an international consortium for petroleum exploration and production as part of the country's first offshore licensing round. Exploration is expected to begin in 2019.
GDP实际增长率:
1.5%
(2017 est.)
1.7%
(2016 est.)
0.2%
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 154
通货膨胀率(消费者价格):
2.8%
(2019 est.)
6%
(2018 est.)
4.4%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 144
信用评级:
Fitch rating:
RD
(2020)
Moody's rating:
C
(2020)
Standard & Poors rating:
D
(2020)
GDP(按购买力平价计算,当年价格):
$88.25 billion
(2017 est.)
$86.94 billion
(2016 est.)
$85.45 billion
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (官方汇率):
$53.253 billion
(2019 est.)
GDP - 人均(购买力平价):
$19,600
(2017 est.)
$19,500
(2016 est.)
$19,300
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
世界排名: 73
国民储蓄总额:
-0.7% of GDP
(2017 est.)
0.7% of GDP
(2016 est.)
4.5% of GDP
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 181
GDP构成,按来源部门:
agriculture:
3.9%
(2017 est.)
industry:
13.1%
(2017 est.)
services:
83%
(2017 est.)
GDP构成,按最终用途:
household consumption:
87.6%
(2017 est.)
government consumption:
13.3%
(2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital:
21.8%
(2017 est.)
investment in inventories:
0.5%
(2017 est.)
exports of goods and services:
23.6%
(2017 est.)
imports of goods and services:
-46.4%
(2017 est.)
营商环境指数得分:
78.2
(2020)
农业 - 产品:
citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats
工业:
banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating
工业生产增长率:
-21.1%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 201
劳动力:
2.166 million
(2016 est.)
note: excludes as many as 1 million foreign workers and refugees
世界排名: 120
劳动力 - 按职业:
agriculture:
39%
NA
(2009 est.)
industry:
NA
services:
NA
失业率:
9.7%
(2007)
世界排名: 144
贫困线以下人口:
28.6%
(2004 est.)
按百分比划分的家庭收入或消费:
lowest 10%:
NA
highest 10%:
NA
预算:
revenues:
11.62 billion
(2017 est.)
expenditures:
15.38 billion
(2017 est.)
税收和其他收入:
21.5% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 136
预算盈余 (+) 或赤字 (-):
-6.9% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 193
公共债务:
146.8% of GDP
(2017 est.)
145.5% of GDP
(2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
世界排名: 4
财政年度:
calendar year
经常账户余额:
-$12.37 billion
(2017 est.)
-$11.18 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 195
出口:
$3.524 billion
(2017 est.)
$3.689 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 129
出口 - 合作伙伴:
China 13%, UAE 9.9%, South Africa 7.5%, Saudi Arabia 6.5%, Syria 6.5%, Iraq 5.8%, Turkey 4.6%
(2017)
出口 - 商品:
jewelry, base metals, chemicals, consumer goods, fruit and vegetables, tobacco, construction minerals, electric power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers, paper
进口:
$18.34 billion
(2017 est.)
$17.71 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 89
进口 - 商品:
petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals
进口 - 合作伙伴:
China 10.2%, Italy 8.9%, Greece 7%, Germany 6.6%, US 6.3%, Turkey 4.5%, Egypt 4.2%
(2017)
外汇和黄金储备:
$55.42 billion
(31 December 2017 est.)
$54.04 billion
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 37
外债:
$39.3 billion
(31 December 2017 est.)
$36.6 billion
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 76
汇率:
Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar -
1,517.5
(2020 est.)
1,513
(2019 est.)
1,506.5
(2018 est.)
1,507.5
(2014 est.)
1,507.5
(2013 est.)
能源:电网接入:
electrification - total population:
100%
(2020)
电力 - 生产:
17.59 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 82
用电量:
15.71 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 77
电力 - 出口:
0 kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 157
电力 - 进口:
69 million kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 104
电力 - 装机容量:
2.346 million kW
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 110
电力 - 来自化石燃料:
88% of total installed capacity
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 58
电力 - 来自核燃料:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 126
电力 - 来自水力发电厂:
11% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 114
电力 - 来自其他可再生能源:
1% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 158
石油 - 生产:
0 bbl/day
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 161
石油 - 出口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 153
石油 - 进口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 151
石油 - 探明储量:
0 bbl
(1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 156
精炼石油产品 - 生产:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 164
精炼石油产品 - 消费:
154,000 bbl/day
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 65
精炼石油产品 - 出口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 170
精炼石油产品 - 进口:
151,100 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 41
天然气 - 生产:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 156
天然气 - 消费:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 166
天然气 - 出口:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 137
天然气 - 进口:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 147
天然气 - 探明储量:
0 cu m
(1 January 2014 est.)
世界排名: 157
能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放量:
23.36 million Mt
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 83
通讯电话 - 固定线路:
total subscriptions:
752,547
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
12.87
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 82
电话 - 手机:
total subscriptions:
3,614,797
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
61.82
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 135
电信系统:
general assessment:
two mobile-cellular networks provide good service, with 4G LTE services; future improvements to fiber-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage proposed by 2020; in 2018 first successful 5G trial conducted and in 2019 first live mobile 5G site launched, unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted telecoms industry and pricing has been raised
(2020)
domestic:
fixed-line 13 per 100 and 62 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions
(2019)
international:
country code - 961; landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
(2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
广播媒体:
7 TV stations, 1 of which is state owned; more than 30 radio stations, 1 of which is state owned; satellite and cable TV services available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible through partner stations
(2019)
互联网国家代码:
.lb
互联网用户:
total:
4,769,039
percent of population:
78.18%
(July 2018 est.)
世界排名: 85
宽带 - 固定用户:
total:
9,395
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
less than 1
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 171
运输全国航空运输系统:
number of registered air carriers:
1
(2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:
21
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:
2,981,937
(2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:
56.57 million
mt-km
(2018)
民用航空器注册国家代码前缀:
OD
(2016)
机场:
8
(2013)
世界排名: 160
机场 - 铺设跑道:
total:
5
(2019)
over 3,047 m:
1
2,438 to 3,047 m:
2
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
under 914 m:
1
机场 - 未铺设跑道:
total:
3
(2013)
914 to 1,523 m:
2
(2013)
under 914 m:
1
(2013)
直升机场:
1
(2013)
运输管道:
88 km gas
(2013)
铁路:
total:
401 km
(2017)
standard gauge:
319 km
1.435-m gauge
(2017)
narrow gauge:
82 km
1.050-m gauge
(2017)
note: rail system is still unusable due to damage sustained from fighting in the 1980s and in 2006
世界排名: 119
公路:
total:
21,705 km
(2017)
世界排名: 111
商用船舶:
total:
55
by type:
bulk carrier 2, container ship 1, general cargo 39, oil tanker 1, other 12
(2019)
世界排名: 114
港口和码头:
主要海港:
Beirut, Tripoli
集装箱港口 (吞吐量TEU):
Beirut (1,305,038)
(2017)
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