国民经济经济概况:
Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its electricity needs.
++ Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods.
++ Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment, remittances, and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sank to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-17, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment remains persistently high.
++ The country is pinning its hopes for faster growth on a continued effort to build up infrastructure, enhance support for entrepreneurship, simplify regulations, and improve professional education, in order to attract foreign investment and boost employment, with a focus on transportation projects, tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Georgia had historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia concluded an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. In 2017, Georgia signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China as part of Tbilisi's efforts to diversify its economic ties. Georgia is seeking to develop its Black Sea ports to further facilitate East-West trade.
GDP实际增长率:
5%
(2017 est.)
2.8%
(2016 est.)
2.9%
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 47
通货膨胀率(消费者价格):
4.8%
(2019 est.)
2.6%
(2018 est.)
6%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 179
信用评级:
Fitch rating:
BB
(2019)
Moody's rating:
Ba2
(2017)
Standard & Poors rating:
BB
(2019)
GDP(按购买力平价计算,当年价格):
$39.85 billion
(2017 est.)
$37.96 billion
(2016 est.)
$36.91 billion
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (官方汇率):
$17.694 billion
(2019 est.)
GDP - 人均(购买力平价):
$10,700
(2017 est.)
$10,300
(2016 est.)
$9,900
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
世界排名: 114
国民储蓄总额:
23% of GDP
(2017 est.)
19.9% of GDP
(2016 est.)
19.5% of GDP
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 75
GDP构成,按来源部门:
agriculture:
8.2%
(2017 est.)
industry:
23.7%
(2017 est.)
services:
67.9%
(2017 est.)
GDP构成,按最终用途:
household consumption:
62.8%
(2017 est.)
government consumption:
17.1%
(2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital:
29.5%
(2017 est.)
investment in inventories:
2.4%
(2017 est.)
exports of goods and services:
50.4%
(2017 est.)
imports of goods and services:
-62.2%
(2017 est.)
营商环境指数得分:
83.7
(2020)
农业 - 产品:
citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock
工业:
steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine
工业生产增长率:
6.7%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 34
劳动力:
686,000
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 150
劳动力 - 按职业:
agriculture:
55.6%
industry:
8.9%
services:
35.5%
(2006 est.)
失业率:
NA%
(2017 est.)
11.8%
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 161
贫困线以下人口:
9.2%
(2010 est.)
按百分比划分的家庭收入或消费:
lowest 10%:
2%
highest 10%:
31.3%
(2008)
预算:
revenues:
4.352 billion
(2017 est.)
expenditures:
4.925 billion
(2017 est.)
税收和其他收入:
28.7% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 91
预算盈余 (+) 或赤字 (-):
-3.8% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 153
公共债务:
44.9% of GDP
(2017 est.)
44.4% of GDP
(2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds
世界排名: 116
财政年度:
calendar year
经常账户余额:
-$1.348 billion
(2017 est.)
-$1.84 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 156
出口:
$3.566 billion
(2017 est.)
$2.831 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 128
出口 - 合作伙伴:
Russia 14.5%, Azerbaijan 10%, Turkey 7.9%, Armenia 7.7%, China 7.6%, Bulgaria 6.6%, Ukraine 4.6%, US 4.5%
(2017)
出口 - 商品:
vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, scrap metal, gold, copper ores
进口:
$7.415 billion
(2017 est.)
$6.747 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 120
进口 - 商品:
fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals
进口 - 合作伙伴:
Turkey 17.2%, Russia 9.9%, China 9.2%, Azerbaijan 7.6%, Ukraine 5.6%, Germany 5.4%
(2017)
外汇和黄金储备:
$3.039 billion
(31 December 2017 est.)
$2.756 billion
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 108
外债:
$16.99 billion
(31 December 2017 est.)
$14.08 billion
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 100
汇率:
laris (GEL) per US dollar -
2.535
(2017 est.)
2.3668
(2016 est.)
2.3668
(2015 est.)
2.2694
(2014 est.)
1.7657
(2013 est.)
能源:电网接入:
electrification - total population:
100%
(2020)
电力 - 生产:
13.24 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 91
用电量:
12.37 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 87
电力 - 出口:
560 million kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 66
电力 - 进口:
1.329 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 63
电力 - 装机容量:
4.641 million kW
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 84
电力 - 来自化石燃料:
35% of total installed capacity
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 178
电力 - 来自核燃料:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 95
电力 - 来自水力发电厂:
65% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 22
电力 - 来自其他可再生能源:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 187
石油 - 生产:
400 bbl/day
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 93
石油 - 出口:
3,006 bbl/day
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 68
石油 - 进口:
2,660 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 78
石油 - 探明储量:
35 million bbl
(1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 80
精炼石油产品 - 生产:
247 bbl/day
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 106
精炼石油产品 - 消费:
27,000 bbl/day
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 122
精炼石油产品 - 出口:
2,052 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 104
精炼石油产品 - 进口:
28,490 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 101
天然气 - 生产:
7.363 million cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 95
天然气 - 消费:
2.294 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 83
天然气 - 出口:
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 109
天然气 - 进口:
2.294 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 50
天然气 - 探明储量:
8.495 billion cu m
(1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 80
能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放量:
9.912 million Mt
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 109
通讯电话 - 固定线路:
total subscriptions:
638,092
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
12.95
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 88
电话 - 手机:
total subscriptions:
6,638,125
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
134.72
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 106
电信系统:
general assessment:
telecommunications fastest growing area of Georgia's economy; LTE services now cover the vast majority of the population; fixed-line telecommunications network has limited coverage outside Tbilisi; multiple mobile-cellular providers provide services to an increasing subscribership throughout the country; broadband subscribers steadily increasing; with the recent investment in infrastructure customers are moving from copper to fiber networks
(2020)
domestic:
fixed-line 13 per 100, cellular telephone networks cover the entire country; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 135 per 100 persons; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi
(2019)
international:
country code - 995; landing points for the Georgia-Russia, Diamond Link Global, and Caucasus Cable System fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Russia, Romania and Bulgaria; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available
(2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
广播媒体:
The Tbilisi-based Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2 as well as the Batumi-based Adjara TV, and the State Budget funds all three; there are also a number of independent commercial television broadcasters, such as Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and a small Russian language operator TOK TV; Tabula and Post TV are web-based television outlets; all of these broadcasters and web-based television outlets, except GDS, carry the news; the Georgian Orthodox Church also operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity; there are 26 regional television broadcasters across Georgia that are members of the Georgian Association of Regional Broadcasters and/or the Alliance of Georgian Broadcasters; the broadcaster organizations seek to strengthen the regional media's capacities and distribution of regional products: a nationwide digital switchover occurred in 2015; there are several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations
(2019)
互联网国家代码:
.ge
互联网用户:
total:
3,151,218
percent of population:
63.97%
(July 2018 est.)
世界排名: 97
宽带 - 固定用户:
total:
840,603
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
17
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 72
运输全国航空运输系统:
number of registered air carriers:
4
(2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:
12
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:
516,034
(2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:
750,000
mt-km
(2018)
民用航空器注册国家代码前缀:
4L
(2016)
机场:
22
(2013)
世界排名: 134
机场 - 铺设跑道:
total:
18
(2017)
over 3,047 m:
1
(2017)
2,438 to 3,047 m:
7
(2017)
1,524 to 2,437 m:
3
(2017)
914 to 1,523 m:
5
(2017)
under 914 m:
2
(2017)
机场 - 未铺设跑道:
total:
4
(2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
(2013)
914 to 1,523 m:
2
(2013)
under 914 m:
1
(2013)
直升机场:
2
(2013)
运输管道:
1596 km gas, 1175 km oil
(2013)
铁路:
total:
1,363 km
(2014)
narrow gauge:
37 km
0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)
(2014)
broad gauge:
1,326 km
1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)
(2014)
世界排名: 84
公路:
total:
20,295 km
(2018)
世界排名: 113
商用船舶:
total:
82
by type:
bulk carrier 3general cargo 22, oil tanker 2, other 55
(2019)
世界排名: 99
港口和码头:
主要海港:
Black Sea - Bat'umi, P'ot'i
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