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国民经济

经济概况:

Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most Sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon relied on timber and manganese exports until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. From 2010 to 2016, oil accounted for approximately 80% of Gabon's exports, 45% of its GDP, and 60% of its state budget revenues. ++ Gabon faces fluctuating international prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. A rebound of oil prices from 2001 to 2013 helped growth, but declining production, as some fields passed their peak production, has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. GDP grew nearly 6% per year over the 2010-14 period, but slowed significantly from 2014 to just 1% in 2017 as oil prices declined. Low oil prices also weakened government revenue and negatively affected the trade and current account balances. In the wake of lower revenue, Gabon signed a 3-year agreement with the IMF in June 2017. ++ Despite an abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management and over-reliance on oil has stifled the economy. Power cuts and water shortages are frequent. Gabon is reliant on imports and the government heavily subsidizes commodities, including food, but will be hard pressed to tamp down public frustration with unemployment and corruption.

GDP实际增长率:

0.5% (2017 est.)
2.1% (2016 est.)
3.9% (2015 est.)
世界排名: 185

通货膨胀率(消费者价格):

2.4% (2019 est.)
4.7% (2018 est.)
2.6% (2017 est.)
世界排名: 125

信用评级:

Fitch rating: CCC (2020)
Moody's rating: Caa1 (2018)
Standard & Poors rating: N/A (2016)

GDP(按购买力平价计算,当年价格):

$33.253 billion (2019 est.)
$32.161 billion (2018 est.)
$31.895 billion (2017 est.)
note: data are in 2010 dollars

GDP (官方汇率):

$16.064 billion (2019 est.)

GDP - 人均(购买力平价):

$9,119 (2019 est.)
$9,041 (2018 est.)
$9,203 (2017 est.)
note: data are in 2010 dollars
世界排名: 122

国民储蓄总额:

25.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
24.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
29.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
世界排名: 55

GDP构成,按来源部门:

agriculture: 5% (2017 est.)
industry: 44.7% (2017 est.)
services: 50.4% (2017 est.)

GDP构成,按最终用途:

household consumption: 37.6% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 29% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.6% (2016 est.)
exports of goods and services: 46.7% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)

营商环境指数得分:

45.0 (2020)

农业 - 产品:

cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish

工业:

petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement

工业生产增长率:

1.8% (2017 est.)
世界排名: 135

劳动力:

557,800 (2017 est.)
世界排名: 153

劳动力 - 按职业:

agriculture: 64%
industry: 12%
services: 24% (2005 est.)

失业率:

28% (2015 est.)
20.4% (2014 est.)
世界排名: 203

贫困线以下人口:

34.3% (2015 est.)

按百分比划分的家庭收入或消费:

lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 32.7% (2005)

预算:

revenues: 2.634 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 2.914 billion (2017 est.)

税收和其他收入:

17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
世界排名: 167

预算盈余 (+) 或赤字 (-):

-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
世界排名: 101

公共债务:

62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
世界排名: 68

财政年度:

calendar year

经常账户余额:

-$725 million (2017 est.)
-$1.389 billion (2016 est.)
世界排名: 135

出口:

$10.8 billion (2019 est.)
$9.533 billion (2018 est.)
$9.145 billion (2017 est.)
世界排名: 95

出口 - 合作伙伴:

China 36.4%, US 10%, Ireland 8.5%, Netherlands 6.3%, South Korea 5.1%, Australia 5%, Italy 4.6% (2017)

出口 - 商品:

crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium

进口:

$5.02 billion (2019 est.)
$4.722 billion (2018 est.)
$4.749 billion (2017 est.)
世界排名: 137

进口 - 商品:

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials

进口 - 合作伙伴:

France 23.6%, Belgium 19.6%, China 15.2% (2017)

外汇和黄金储备:

$981.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$804.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 133

外债:

$6.49 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$5.321 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 127

汇率:

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
605.3 (2017 est.)
593.01 (2016 est.)
593.01 (2015 est.)
591.45 (2014 est.)
494.42 (2013 est.)

能源:

电网接入:

electrification - total population: 92% (2019)
electrification - urban areas: 99% (2019)
electrification - rural areas: 39% (2019)

电力 - 生产:

2.244 billion kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 137

用电量:

2.071 billion kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 143

电力 - 出口:

0 kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 137

电力 - 进口:

344 million kWh (2016 est.)
世界排名: 85

电力 - 装机容量:

671,000 kW (2016 est.)
世界排名: 137

电力 - 来自化石燃料:

51% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
世界排名: 147

电力 - 来自核燃料:

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
世界排名: 93

电力 - 来自水力发电厂:

49% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
世界排名: 41

电力 - 来自其他可再生能源:

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
世界排名: 186

石油 - 生产:

196,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)
世界排名: 35

石油 - 出口:

214,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
世界排名: 30

石油 - 进口:

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 130

石油 - 探明储量:

2 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 34

精炼石油产品 - 生产:

16,580 bbl/day (2017 est.)
世界排名: 91

精炼石油产品 - 消费:

24,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
世界排名: 129

精炼石油产品 - 出口:

4,662 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 91

精炼石油产品 - 进口:

10,680 bbl/day (2015 est.)
世界排名: 146

天然气 - 生产:

401 million cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 74

天然气 - 消费:

401 million cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 101

天然气 - 出口:

0 cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 107

天然气 - 进口:

0 cu m (2017 est.)
世界排名: 128

天然气 - 探明储量:

28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 69

能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放量:

4.293 million Mt (2017 est.)
世界排名: 137

通讯

电话 - 固定线路:

total subscriptions: 22,412
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1.03 (2019 est.)
世界排名: 173

电话 - 手机:

total subscriptions: 3,008,814
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 138.28 (2019 est.)
世界排名: 140

电信系统:

general assessment: fixed-line and Internet sectors have remained underdeveloped due to the lack of competition and high prices; sufficient international bandwidth due to submarine cable systems, but monopolized by Gabon Telecom; 3G and mobile LTE services and mobile broadband available; govt. commits to XAF 150 billion in backbone infrastructure work through 2020; efforts towards new legal and regulatory improvements (2020)
domestic: fixed-line is 1 per 100 subscriptions; a growing mobile cellular network with multiple providers is making telephone service more widely available with mobile cellular teledensity at 138 per 100 persons (2019)
international: country code - 241; landing points for the SAT-3/WASC, ACE and Libreville-Port Gentil Cable fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

广播媒体:

state owns and operates 2 TV stations and 2 radio broadcast stations; a few private radio and TV stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available

互联网国家代码:

.ga

互联网用户:

total: 1,313,802
percent of population: 62% (July 2018 est.)
世界排名: 133

宽带 - 固定用户:

total: 29,099
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2018 est.)
世界排名: 143

运输

全国航空运输系统:

number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 8

民用航空器注册国家代码前缀:

TR (2016)

机场:

44 (2013)
世界排名: 97

机场 - 铺设跑道:

total: 14 (2019)
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1

机场 - 未铺设跑道:

total: 30 (2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 (2013)
914 to 1,523 m: 9 (2013)
under 914 m: 14 (2013)

运输管道:

807 km gas, 1639 km oil, 3 km water (2013)

铁路:

total: 649 km (2014)
standard gauge: 649 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
世界排名: 106

公路:

total: 14,300 km (2001)
paved: 900 km (2001)
unpaved: 13,400 km (2001)
世界排名: 127

水路:

1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2010)
世界排名: 48

商用船舶:

total: 28
by type: general cargo 9, oil tanker 1, other 18 (2019)
世界排名: 135

港口和码头:

主要海港: Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil
oil terminal(s): Gamba, Lucina


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