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标题: 国际招投项目的误区(陷阱、雷区或是潜规则)
denisen (Denise)
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发表于 2018-10-25 13:30  资料  个人空间  个人短信  加为好友  只看该作者 QQ
国际招投项目的误区(陷阱、雷区或是潜规则)

国际招投项目的误区(陷阱、雷区或是潜规则)

1.        信用证开证费由卖方承担(开证费按季度quarter收取),所有的索偿手续费都由卖方承担。一旦延期交货,不但要承担信用证延期的费用,还要被业主扣liquidated damage。
2.        The Employer and the Project Manager or their designated representatives shall be entitled to attend the aforesaid test and/or inspection, provided that the Employer shall bear all costs and expenses incurred in connection with such attendance including, but not limited to, all traveling and board and lodging expenses.
合同条款明文规定,业主方自付费用参入验收。但是私底下都要求由分包商支付这笔费用。如果分包商不自行费用给订机票、办理住宿及旅行等招待,他们就不来验收,不来验收,就没有验收报告,没有验收报告,业主就不出发货通知,没有发货通知就不能发货,不发货就会工期延款,工期延期就会罚款。如果私自发货,就面临货到目的港无法清关或是能够清关,收不回货款。
所以鉴于以上,报价时应该考虑一下招待的费用预算。
3.        Insurance: Unless otherwise specified in the SCC, the Goods supplied under the Contract shall be fully insured, in a freely convertible currency from an eligible country, against loss or damage incidental to manufacture or acquisition, transportation, storage, and delivery, in accordance with the applicable Incoterms or in the manner specified。
Transportation: 25.1 Unless otherwise specified in the SCC, obligations for transportation of the Goods shall be in accordance with the Incoterms specified in Section 6 (Schedule of Supply).
Warranty:
28.1 The Supplier warrants that all the Goods are new, unused, and ofthe most recent or current models, and that they incorporate all recent improvements in design and materials, unless provided otherwise in the Contract.
28.2 Subject to GCC Sub clause 22.1, the Supplier further warrants that the Goods shall be free from defects arising from any act or omission of the Supplier or arising from design, materials, and workmanship, under normal use in the conditions prevailing in the country of final destination
28.3 Unless otherwise specified in the SCC, the warranty shall remain valid for 12 months after the Goods, or any portion thereof as the case may be, have been delivered to and accepted at the final destination indicated in the SCC, or for 18 months after the date of shipment or loading in the country of origin, whichever period concludes earlier.
28.4 The Purchaser shall give Notice to the Supplier, stating the nature of any such defects together with all available evidence thereof, promptly following the discovery thereof. The Purchaser shall afford all reasonable opportunity for the Supplier to inspect such defects.
28.5 Upon receipt of such Notice, the Supplier shall, within the period specified in the SCC, expeditiously repair or replace the defective Goods or parts thereof, at no cost to the Purchaser.
28.6 If having been notified, the Supplier fails to remedy the defect within the period specified in the SCC, the Purchaser may proceed to take within a reasonable period such remedial action as may be necessary, at the supplier’s risk and expense and without prejudice to any other rights which the purchaser may have against the supplier under the contract.

首先CIP的定义,CIP(CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO)是指卖方向其指定的承运人交货,期间卖方必须支付将货物运至目的地的运费,并办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的保险。亦即买方承担卖方交货之后的一切风险和额外费用。

运输及货运保险同质保毛关系啊,但是客户非要赖着你。CIP交货到站点,客户签收时没标注货物有外观的损失,也没有说货物有问题。但是过了大半年之后,客户突然说那个设备的某个部件坏了,发了几个照片,确实看到结实的铁铸外壳破了一个大洞,且内部部件也有一定的损失,得卖方免费更换,因为在质保期之内啊。要更换的话,大概要50/60万人民币。卖方也很无奈啊,因为如果是当初交货时就发生了货损,当时报案,还可以找运输公司走保险理赔。可运输公司拿回的签收单上没有注明有货损,运输公司当然不会赔偿了。且货运保险在客户收到货确认时,保险义务就结束了。发生这个货损有两个可能:一、确实是运输公司运输过程中破损的,但客户签收时没有对货物进行查看。二、设备在客户站内有进行过二次转移,撞到其它设备上了。而这两种可能产生的损失,却要无辜的卖方承担。如果卖方不给承担,客户就HOLD住你其他项目的所有货款不付,以此进行胁迫,虽然合同明文归定一码事儿归一码儿,但是客户会因这一码事儿卡隹你N码事儿。

合同里只要求按INCOTERMS规定或是特别要求买保险,但是合同里SCC部分,客户并没有提出特别规定。因此按INCOTERMS,买方只需要按CIP买相关货运保险。单纯的多式联运货运保险,保险费用都在万分之几或是千分之二以内,这笔保费不是很多。只有出现货损的时候,卖方向保险公司报案了,保险公司按货损估值,决定是否派保险单上的代理去码头或是货损地点进行勘测。这个勘测费用,一般是保险公司自己出的。但是客户有要求,无论是否有货损,货物到达目的港后,要进行一次码头勘测(勘测机构必须是保险单上的保险代理,收费一般为1500美金到2000美金/人/天,不含当地税),然后货物到达各个站点以后,又要派保险代理进行一次站点勘测,查验(收费同在码头勘测收费标准类似)。客户要拿到两次的勘测报告,才肯出 GOODS RECEIVED NOTE (GRN)。当然这两次查勘从行为上,是有利于卖方的。但是费用成本也是比较高的。这些没有在合同上规定的,就是客户不成文的规定,默认的潜规则。

风险管控、责任界定、费用成本。
风险管控:假如不做此事产生的后果
责任界定:明确货损发生的时间、地点、责任方
费用成本:报了小米4的价格,给客户买了IPHONE XS

所以事后你会意识到:客户要求的保险不是单纯的货运保险,那是镀金的货运保险。
因此在保险费用报价及整体策划方面要把握住细节及费用。 |





错过的年华在寂寞里开出斑斓的花,却荒芜了轮回的春夏。
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