2008-5-27 14:19
lora_zhao
LZ 可否给我发一份 呢~先谢谢了:$
[email]zhao108dan@hotmail.com[/email]
2008-5-27 15:35
yoyoo77
谢谢楼主分享哦!很不错呢!
2008-5-27 15:37
zll0412145
Thank you very much!My e-mail address is [email]zll0412145@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
2008-5-27 15:40
strawberry1984
Thank you very much!My e-mail address is [email]strawberry_cp@163.com[/email]
2008-5-27 16:18
lhmiranda
回复 #1 yuanhaimaoyi88 的帖子
给我一份,谢谢!
正找着呢,真是雪中送炭啊!
谢谢了!
E-mail:[email]lihongmiranda@hotmail.com[/email]
2008-5-28 14:17
cffrr
能不能给我一份呢,谢谢 [email]cffrr@126.com[/email]
2008-5-28 15:12
kempscitech
谢谢楼主
非常感谢楼主,我想请问一下,所有的资料全都在这里了呢,楼主可否给我发一份,非常感谢!
[email]zierer@126.com[/email]
2008-5-30 21:25
yuanhaimaoyi88
第十一单元 Go Shopping
一、经典句型
1. I'm going to the grocery to get a toothbrush.
2. I'd like to buy a new car.
3. This sofa is beautiful. Where did you get it?
4. I bought this sofa in a thrift store. I saved 150 dollars.
5. I'm going shopping because I need to buy some food.
6. If this shirt doesn't fit, may I bring it back later?
7. Lots of things in this store are on sale.
8. There are two shopping malls in the city.
9. Beef and pork are on sale in that supermarket.
10. With this coupon we can save 5 dollars for my favorite Chocolate.
11. I enjoy visiting flea markets.
12. Could you give me a better price?
13. What size shoes do you wear?
14. This pair is a bit small. Can I change to a bigger size?
15. How much is the microwave oven?
16. Do you have change for a one-hundred-dollar bill?
17. That suit looks very good on you.
18. This T-shirt is made of cotton, isn't it?
19. I'd like to try on this light green dress.
20. Excuse me, could you tell me where the checkout counter is?
I'm going to the grocery to get a toothbrush.
我们知道,在英语中表示杂货店的词有两个,一个是 grocery, 另外一个就是 drugstore.
Drugstore这个词的原意是“药店”,但如今更常用的意思反而变成了路边的“杂货铺”和居住区的私人开设的“小店”, 主营日用杂货。杂货店在美国非常普遍,出售医药用品,但也卖化妆品、胶卷、杂志、肥皂、纸巾、雪茄、玩具、女尼龙袜等杂货。药品杂货店还往往供应快餐,出售冰激凌、饮料和小吃。杂货店的营业时间通常是从早上9点到晚上9点,星期日一般休息。但也有许多店铺24小时昼夜营业。
在这个句型中get相当于汉语的“买”。在美式口语中,要注意get这个词的使用率非常的高, 不同的情景下表达的意思大不相同。Get 表示 “买”的意思,在北美非常常用,一般用在日常购买的小件物品上。本句的最后一个词语是 toothbrush“牙刷”,请注意不是 teethbrush. 同样,牙膏是 toothpaste, 牙疼是 toothache。
I'd like to buy a new car.
通常表达“我想买某件物品”,可以使用 I'd like to buy sth.或者 I want to buy sth.这两个比较口语化的句子。如果是比较正式地表达 “我想要买某件物品”,可以用 I am interested in buying sth. 这个句型。
例如:I am interested in buying an apartment in downtown area.
I am interested in buying a Benz sports car.
This sofa is beautiful. Where did you get it?
我们汉语里面说的“沙发”,其实是英语词sofa 的音译。这样的词还有不少,比如巧克力chocolate,坦克 tank, 新近的还有“克隆”clone等。
如果算不上好朋友的人买了一件物品,不论你自己是否欣赏,一般都应表示赞赏。然后再加上一句话,“你在那里买的?”这个句子里面的 get 一词如前面所讲,是口语化的“买” 等同于 buy。
I got this sofa in a thrift store. I saved 150 dollars.
Thrift store 是一种卖二手货的商店。这样的商店大多以赢利为目的。收集旧货,把旧货翻新整理,然后出售,所以,在这样的商店买的东西比普通商店的便宜很多。此外美国还有很多折扣商店(rebate store)。折扣商店通常设在房租低廉的地区。这里没有什么额外服务,但是商品价格要比其他地方低 20-25%。折扣商店主要出售家用电器产品,顾客可以先从商品目录中选择商品,然后填表、付款,等服务员叫到名字时前去领货。你到多数折扣商店买摄影材料、家庭用品、书籍、唱片及其他非私人用品,可以省点钱。在 thrift store,rebate store 或者 flea market 精心挑选,有可能买到物美价廉的商品。
I'm going shopping because I need to buy some food.
这个句型可以用来向别人解释你要去购物的理由。
例如: I'm going shopping because I just got my salary.
I went shopping last week because some friends will come on the weekend.
If this shirt doesn't fit, may I bring it back later?
这句话在购买一些不能在店内试用的用品时是非常必要的。
例如:If this mobile phone doesn't work well, may I bring it back later?
假如你想退货,应当保留单据,证明你买的东西是在该商店买的。
还有一样要记住的事,就是买收音机或照相机等类东西,是有保证书的。保证书是书面契约,列明在一段特定时间内,修理或保养产品的费用由厂家支付。由于许多产品都有厂家的保证,因此你应该依照规定办理。通常是,你须把一张卡片寄给该厂家,注明物品是在什么时候买的。不这样做的话,保证书就未必有效或者不产生约束力。
Lots of things in this store are on sale.
我们首先要熟悉 lots of 这个短语,它等同于a lot of, 表示“很多”,可以修饰不可数名词和可数名词,在口语中它的运用频率要远高于 many 和 much。所以我们要习惯于使用这个有用的短语。
Store这个词在美国口语中常用,而 shop则是英国人用得多。
On sale的意思是 “打折,降价出售” 。
如 This car is on sale this weekend. That kind of suits are on sale this month.
请注意不要把 on sale 与 for sale混淆起来。For sale的意思是“待售的” ,比如我们说 That apartment is for sale. 意思是“这套公寓是等待出售的。 ”
There are two shopping malls in the city.
Shopping mall 一般指位于城市繁华闹市的步行购物街,在北京和上海,王府井和南京路都可以算得上是 shopping mall 了。在美国也有一些 mall 是在不太繁华但交通便利的地方。说到购物的场所,可以说是五花八门了,在美国,大型的购物场所首推商业中心 (Market). 所 谓商业中心,是由数百家专业商店聚集在一起组成的,它是美国郊区生活的一大特色,特点 是都设有供顾客使用的大型停车场。商业中心内除了专业商店外, 往往还有百货公司的分店。目前美国新开的商业中心内常有圈起来的林荫道,并且举办各种娱乐节目,颇似旧日的市镇广场。中国现在的超级市场(Supermarket)也是来源于美国的。它是美国最大众化的商店,人们可以随意选择自己所需要的食品及其他商品,然后到出口处计价。 这些市场货色多时可达 8000种。在那里不仅可以买到普通商品,还可买到许多美国特产。超级市场多由各公司组成,分别在同一商场内经营,互相竞争。场外有停车场,门前备有轻便手推车。 百货商店(department store)比起超级市场更有气派,里面的商品价格也随之抬高。这里有宽 大的店堂和彬彬有礼的售货员, 有些百货商店在自动电梯旁专设一位店员, 笑容可掬地迎接每一位顾客。百货商店出售的商品可多达 16 万种。多数百货公司楼下入口处附近设有问询处。电梯附近有介绍每层楼商品的说明。有的百货公司采取“自助式” ,顾客自己选好所需要的商品,拿到收款柜台去付款。
还有一种门面较小的商店叫 fancy shop。它的规格较高。顾客进门,服务员殷勤迎接,甚至茶点相待。如在服装店中,有专门的模特儿身着各式服装,帮助顾客选购。但这种商店的商品价格比其他店要高出几十倍甚至上百倍。
Outlet 是一种特殊的购物场所。 Outlet 一般位于郊远地区,很多很多的各种品质精良的名牌的过季商品在那里出售。outlet 的规模十分之大, 商品的包装较差, 也没有很好的服务,但是商品的质量非常好, 而且价格十分的便宜。
Beef and pork are on sale in that supermarket.
“降价出售”除了用 on sale这个短语之外还可以用 on discount 来表示。
在店里如何辨别哪些商品是打折呢?一般说来,商品旁写着 sale,on discount 或 promotion就是告诉顾客这种商品是折价出售的。如果商品旁标明是 20% off是什么意思呢?对了,就是我们说的“打8折。”那么“7 折”当然就是 30% off 啦。如果你买的是打折商品,一般的商家都会提前告诉你No refund for discount goods。意思就是“特价商品,恕不退换。”所以要小心啦。
With this coupon we can save 5 dollars for my favorite Chocolate.
当你随意翻开一本美国杂志时,一定会发现一些花花绿绿的优惠券,这就是 coupon。这是商家的一种促销手段,但既然有实实在在的优惠,当然是不错的了。拿着 coupon 去消费,一般都可以打折或是获赠一些小礼品。只要是在美国呆过的人, 都知道利用 coupon 来省钱的道理! 那什么是 double coupon 呢? 它是在美国的一家很有名叫 Kroger的grocery store,为了促销, 所推行的一种政策。他们宣称拿着 50c 的coupon去他们的店里买东西, 就可以折价1元, 折价的金额足足多了一倍, 多余的这 50c 是 Kroger 给顾客的优惠。但是也有一些限制, 例如,每张coupon 的面额不得超过 75c, 而且对同样一个商品, double coupon 只能使用一次。
I enjoy visiting flea markets.
还有一种叫“跳瘙市场”flea market, 是很多经营旧货的小业主在固定地点有规律的聚集销售的地方。如果你仔细挑选的话,也能找到物美价廉的商品。
这个句子看着简单,其实里面包含这一个超级口语句型,就是 I enjoy doing sth. “我喜欢做某件事情。”以后你只要想表达 “我喜欢做…”就应该毫不犹豫地用上这个简洁的口语句子。比如:
I enjoy studying English.
I enjoy playing tennis.
I enjoy reading novels.
I enjoy traveling all over the world.
Could you give me a better price?
如果你是在 flea market 买东西的话,免不了要和卖主讨价还价,那么怎么来表达呢?对了,就是用上面的这个句子。 如果原本一个20 美金的手表, 对方愿意让价, 告诉你说,“15 dollars,final price.” 意思就是“15 美金,最低价。 ”如果再往下杀价,他就会来这么一句, “Take it, or leave it.”就是我们常说的, “要就拿走,不要就算了。 ”
What size shoes do you wear?
Wear 这个词用途非常广泛,可以指穿衣服、戴帽子、穿戴首饰、穿鞋子。
This pair is a bit small. Can I change to a bigger size?
我们在说道鞋子、裤子、眼镜等物品的时候,前面往往要加 a pair of 来加以修饰。A bit 或者 a little放在形容词前表示 “有一点…” , 如果是 “太…”,则用 too这个词, 比如 too big, too small, too tight, too loose等等。
How much is the microwave oven?
怎样用英语来问价格呢?对了,最简单上口的句型莫过于 How much is it 了,当然,我们也还有其他的说法,譬如,What's the price of it? How much does it cost? Microwave oven就是我们经常用到的微波炉。
Do you have change for a one-hundred-dollar bill?
如你只是购买一件小商品,而想用现金(cash)来付款,不妨问上这么一句话。这里的 change 可不是“改变、变化”的意思,而是汉语里的“找头儿” 。
That dress looks very good on you.
陪女朋友买衣服的话,她一定会在试穿上一件衣服后问你, “Does it look good on me?”怎么回答呢?你当然可以回答说, “It looks very good on you.” 你甚至还可以说, “It looks perfect on you.” “这件衣服穿在你身上完美极了。 ”
This T-shirt is made of cotton, isn't it?
Be made of 这个结构用来表示某个东西是用什么材料做成的。
例如,This sweater is made of wool. These socks are made of cotton and nylon.
I'd like to try on this light green dress.
买衣服的时候一般都要试穿一下,我们一般用 try on 这个短语。在表达“我想做某件事情”的意思时,美国人常用的是 I'd like to do sth.这个句型,而不是 I want to do sth.
请注意 light green 是指“浅绿色” ,light 这个词加在颜色前意思是“浅…色的” ,例如 light yellow, light blue等。Dark 这个词放在颜色前面意思则是“深…色的” ,例如 dark green, dark blue等。Dress 一般指女士的套装,连衣裙等正式服装,suit 则是指男士的西服。
2008-5-30 21:25
yuanhaimaoyi88
二、举一反三
1. I'm going to the grocery to get a toothbrush.
我要到小店里买一包烟。
他到临近的小铺里买了几瓶啤酒。
帮我到杂货店里买一支笔回来好吗?
2. I'd like to buy a new car.
我想买一套房子。
我们想要买一些蔬菜和水果。
他要买一本词典和一支钢笔。
3. This sofa is beautiful. Where did you get it?
这件套装真不错。你在哪里买的?
这条领带看上去很漂亮。他在哪里买的?
这台电脑太棒了。她在哪里买到的?
4. Ibought this sofa in a thrift store. I saved 150 dollars.
我在超市里买了这些奶粉,我省了 10 美金。
我在就百货店里买了一台电视机, 只花了 80 美金.
你看这个书架多么漂亮! 你能相信这是我在折扣店里买的旧货吗?
5. I'm going shopping because I need to buy some food.
昨天我去购物了,因为我的冰箱空了。
我们明天早上要去购物,因为后天有客人要来。
这几天我将不会去购物。
6. If this shirt doesn't fit, may I bring it back later?
如果这条领带有问题的话,我能把它拿回来吗?
如果这双袜子有问题的话,我们能把它们拿过来吗?
7. Lots of things in this store are on sale.
隔壁的那一家超市在打折呢。
今天牛肉特价。
这件毛衣现在打七折。
8. There are two shopping malls in the city.
这个小镇上有两家超市。
这个街区有三家杂货店。
这条街上有一家大的百货商场。
9. Beef and pork are on special discount in that supermarket.
这几天百货商场的西服在打折呢。
昨天杂货店里的糖果在促销呢。
书店里的旧书在降价卖呢。
10. With this coupon we can save 5 dollars for my favorite Chocolate.
在这家商店,我们可以在买电脑时节省80 美金。
在这家折扣商店,我们可以在买 CD 时节省 88 美分。
11. I enjoy visiting flea markets.
我喜欢买便宜的磁带。
我喜欢在周末购物。
她喜欢和男朋友一起去百货商店。
12. Could you give me this a better price?
你能便宜些把这个钟卖给我吗?
你能便宜些把这辆旧车卖给我吗?
13. What size shoes do you wear?
您穿多大号的裤子?
您穿多大号的毛衣?
我们有很多种颜色的外套, 您喜欢什么颜色的?
14. This pair is a bit small. Can I change toa bigger size?
这条裤子有点儿长, 您能给我短一点儿的吗?
我不太喜欢这个颜色, 能换个颜色吗?
这条裙子有点紧,能给我换一条宽松一点儿的吗?
15. How much is the microwave oven?
这条裤子你花了多少钱?
这台彩电多少钱?
这个沙发怎么卖?
16 Do you have change for a one-hundred-dollar bill?
二十美金一张的钞票,你能找开吗?
五十美金一张的钞票,你能找开吗?
17. That suit looks very good on you.
这件套装你穿着非常完美。
这件大衣你穿着不太好看。
18. This T-shirt is made of cotton, isn't it?
这条领带是真丝的。
这双袜子是棉的。
这套黑色西服是纯毛的。
19. I'd like to try on this light green dress.
我想试一下这件夹克衫。
我想试一下这条蓝色长裤。
她想试一下这件浅黄衬衫。
20. Excuse me, could you tell me wherethe checkout counter is?
对不起,打搅了,您能告诉我食品店在哪吗?
您能告诉我电器店在哪?
您能告诉我鞋店在哪吗?
三、有问有答
1. A: What are you going to get in the grocery?
B: .
2. A: ?
B: I’d like to buy a new car.
3. A: These shoes are beautiful. Where did you get it?
B: .
4. A: ?
B: I bought this sofa in a thrift store. I saved 150 dollars.
5. A: Why are you going shopping tomorrow?
B:.
7. A: If this shirt doesn't fit, may I bring it back later?
B: .
8. A: How many shopping malls are there in this city?
B:.
10. A: What do you enjoy?
B:
90 13. A: This pair is a bit small. Can I change to a bigger size?
B: .
15. A: Do you have change for a one-hundred-dollar bill?
B:.
16. A: Does the suit looks good on me?
B:.
17. A: This shirt is made of cotton, isn't it?
B:.
18. A: Can I try on this dark dress?
B:.
20. A: Where did you buy the sofa?
B:
23. A: I want to go to the shopping mall.
B:.
25. A:?
B: Usually I wear size 8.
28. A:?
B: It's $75.99.
四、身临其境
2. Buying Shoes 买鞋子
Sales clerk: Anything I can do for you?
Melissa: I want a pair of sneakers.我想看一看名牌的。 (brand name items) 。
Sales clerk: We have a great variety of them in stock. We have some good buys. What kind would you like to see?
Melissa: 你能不能给我推荐一些?
Sales clerk: This pair of Mizuno shoes are really good.
Melissa: 多少钱?
Sales clerk: 120 dollars.
Melissa: 太贵了,简直是抢劫!(Sheer robbery!) 我可买不起。Can you cut the price a bit?
Sales clerk : We don't usually give discounts. 但这里礼拜鞋子有打折。We give 30 percent discount off the price. It comes to 84 dollars, Ma'am.
Melissa: That sounds reasonable. I'll buy them.
Sales clerk: Is there anything else you might need?
Melissa: 不要了,谢谢。 See you.
Sales clerk: See you. Have a nice day!
3. Choosing a Walkman 选择随身听
SALESMAN: ?
JOHN: Yes, I would like to buy a Walkman. Can you tell me about the models you have?
SALESMAN: Well, we have a lot of models here. Do you want to listen to CD's or cassettes or the radio?
JOHN: Cassette tapes.
SALESMAN: Alright. There are several models you may want to look at.
JOHN: Kregg? I've never heard of that company.
SALESMAN: It's a German company.
JOHN: I suppose I don't want that one then. I don't like auto-reverse. It breaks too easily.
SALESMAN: Really? Have you had anauto-reverse break before?
JOHN: Yes, twice now. I think it's too high-tech, and so it's the first part that breaks.
SALESMAN: Alright. Well. We have many units without auto-reverse. Here is a good unit.
Very reliable. It has an AM/FM band, built-in microphone, recording capability, and no auto-reverse.
JOHN: ?
SALESMAN: This one sells for $39.99.
JOHN: ?
SALESMAN: Of course you can have a try.
JOHN: It sounds great. .
SALESMAN: Fine. I think you'll be happy with it. It's a very good unit. Very reliable. I'll go get you a new one in a box. I will be back in just a moment.
JOHN: Thanks.
4.Purchase Electrical Appliances 买电器
Salesclerk: May I help you?
Will: 我想买一个电饭煲。(rice cooker.) 您店里有吗?
Salesclerk: They are on the shelf.
Will: Is this type good?
Salesclerk: Of course. This type is pretty nice.
Will: 我还想买一部录像机(video cassette recorder) (VCR). And could you recommend a stereo set to me?
Salesclerk: How about this one? It's the most advanced model.
Will: Is it automatic?
Salesclerk: Sure it is. Then do you like this PC? It's low noise design, reduces the offensive operation noise to a minimum. You won't be disturbed even if it is placed in the bedroom.
Will: 我听说有的商店在卖水货(grey-market goods).
Salesclerk: But our shop never does such things. Our products are all of very high quality.
Will: 你们有灰色的吗?
Salesclerk: Certainly, we do.
Will: 这个有没有保修(warranty)?
Salesclerk: It's good for two years.
Will: 那么我买下了。
Salesclerk: We will deliver and install it for you on Sunday.
Will: That's fine. 我告诉你我的地址和电话。
6. Buying Shirts 买衬衫
MARY: Why don't you get some shirts?
92 TOM: I want to leave. We have already been here two hours.
MARY: But we should get you some shirts while we're here. You need summer shirts.
TOM: .
MARY: Why? They have everything here.
TOM: I don't like shopping in malls. I like shopping on the street. There is more variety.
MARY: Let's just look and see what they have.
TOM: Alright.
MARY: ? Do you see anything you like?
TOM: The styles here are too boring for me. I told you. I like street shopping.
MARY: Oh, come on! Don't be so sour. These are beautiful shirts. I know if we don't buy some today, you will never go shopping by yourself.
TOM: Sure I would.
MARY: Here. Look at this shirt. Try it on.
TOM: ?
MARY: I don't know. Let me look on the rack. Here is one. LARGE. Try it on.
TOM: ? I don't see it.
MARY: The fitting rooms are over there.
TOM: Okay, .
MARY: It looks good on you.
TOM: I look like a nerd.
MARY: No, it looks great. Why are you always like this when you're shopping? You know It looks good.
TOM: Well, I don't think it's the best style for me.
MARY: I think we'll buy this one. And I want you to try on this one too.
TOM: Alright. Alright.
MARY: You should be happy I want you to look good. If I let you shop for yourself, you would never buy anything.
TOM: Yes, maybe. But I like street shopping. There is more variety. I'm sorry. I just don't like malls.
2008-5-30 21:26
yuanhaimaoyi88
Have you ever been to Australia?
当我们谈到某个旅游胜地的时候,常常问“你到过那里没有?”这时用的句型就是 Have you ever been to ……?
例如: Have you ever been to America?
Have you ever been to Taiwan? Have you ever been to Europe?
注意这里不要用 gone to,gone to 的意思是“去了还没回来。 ”
例如:Jane has gone to America.
“Jane去美国了。(她还没有回来。) ”
This trip is terrific!
旅行归来,朋友问到“玩得怎么样?”如果你玩得非常爽的话,就可以告诉对方,The trip is great/ terrific/ wonderful! 如果这次旅行一般的话,就说,Just so so。 如果很失望的话,不妨说 The tripreally sucks! 美国口语中常用 suck这个动词来表示“某物糟糕到了极点。 ”例如:This movie bleeds! His vision really sucks! This kind of noise really sucks!到异地旅行, 问路的事情肯定少不了, 有关问路指路的内容我们有专门的章节讨论。这里我们主要探讨一下如何问路,向谁问路。问路的最佳对象就是警察了。
典型的句型如下:
Excuse me sir, could you tell me where the PalaceMuseum is?
这个句型因为有 could的存在而显得很比较客气。
其他的问路句型还有:
How can I find the Palace Museum?
Where is the Palace Museum?
Which is the way to the Palace Museum?
Is the Palace Museum far away?
Excuse me. How can I get to the Palace Museum?
Is there a cinema nearby?
Is the Bank of China straight ahead?
Just go straight ahead. And turn left at the first crossing.
Sorry. I'm new here too.
I'll walk you to the bank. It's on my route.
You can take bus No.716 and get off at the Xi'dan station.
二、举一反三
1. Where are you going to spend your vacation?
你今年夏天打算到哪里去度假?
最近想休一次假吗?
2. Are you going to go anyplace this year?
春节你要去什么地方吗?
下个月你们要去什么地方吗?
圣诞节你们要去什么地方吗?
3. I am going to take a trip to Hong Kong.
我要去一趟云南。
我要去一趟西欧。
我们要去一次美国和加拿大。
4. How are you going? Are you going by boat?
你怎么去?是坐飞机去吗?
你们怎么去? 是坐火车去吗?
我们怎么去? 是坐地铁去吗?
5. I am going by air. I like flying.
我要坐火车去。我喜欢乘火车。
我要坐船去。我特别喜欢乘船。
我要坐公共汽车去。那样比较便宜。
6. It's a six-hour flight.
这是 12 个小时的火车行程。
这是 8 个小时的轮船航程。
这是 3 个小时的巴士行程。
7. Have a good time on your trip.
祝你一路平安!
祝你一路顺风!
8. Taking the plane is expensive, but it's fast and convenient.
乘轮船很舒服,但就是太慢了。
乘火车很慢,但就是便宜。
乘地铁很快,而且不太贵。
9. Did you make the hotel reservation?
你预订了一个双人间了吗?
你们预订了一个标准间了吗?
他们订了两个套间了吗?
您是通过旅行社预定的房间吗?
这位先生想要预定往返机票。
10. I have lots of things to do before I can leave.
在离开前我还有很多事情要处理。
在离开前我还有一些文件要看。
在辞职前我还有很多话要讲。
11. I have to apply for a passport.
我得申请一个签证。
我们得申请一笔贷款。
我要申请大学入学资格。
12. I'd like to book an air ticket to San Francisco.
我要订一张到上海的飞机票。
我要订两张到深圳的飞机票。
我要订三张这个礼拜六去华盛顿的飞机票。
13. When is the checkout time?
你必须在中午 12 点之前办理完离店手续。
我们得在下午两点办理入住手续。
他们在早上9 点办理了登机手续。
14. I'll see you off at the airport.
我明天去给你送行。
我们会去火车站送行。
我们会到码头去给你们送行的。
15. Don't forget to call me when you arrive.
你到了后别忘了通知我们。
离开前你别忘了带上旅行支票。
16. I'd like to pay with traveler's checks.
我付现金。
我用信用卡付账。
可以用旅行支票付账吗?
请您付现金。
17. What's the best place for souvenir hunting?
哪里最合适品尝本地小吃?
哪里最合适入住?
18. Lots of airports have duty-free shops.
大多数机场都有咖啡厅。
许多火车站都有餐厅。
19. Have you ever been to Australia?
你去过德国吗?
你去过法国吗?
你们去过新西兰吗?
20. This trip is terrific!
这次旅行不错!
这次旅行一般!
这次旅行糟糕透了!
21. Which direction is it to the Palace Museum?
外语学院在哪儿?
去往长城的路怎么走?
北京大学离这儿远吗?
附近有书店吗?
22. In spring, the weather is usually windy in Beijing.
北京的秋天很美丽。
这个城市的气候宜人。
杭州的春天和夏天很多雨。
2008-5-30 21:26
yuanhaimaoyi88
第十二单元 Traveling
一、经典句型
1. Where are you going to spend your vacation?
2. Are you going to go anyplace this year?
3. I am going to take a trip to Hong Kong.
4. How are you going? Are you going by boat?
5. I am going by air. I like flying.
6. It's a six-hour flight.
7. Have a good time on your trip.
8. Taking the plane is expensive, but it's fast and convenient.
9. Did you make the hotel reservation?
10. I have lots of things to do before I can leave.
11. I have to apply for a passport.
12. I'd like to book an air ticket to San Francisco.
13. When is the checkout time?
14. I'll see you off at the airport.
15. Don't forget to call me when you arrive there.
16. I'd like to pay with traveler's checks.
17. What's the best place for souvenir hunting?
18. Lots of airports have duty-free shops.
19. Have you ever been to Australia?
20. This trip is terrific!
Where do you plan to spend you vacation?
美国的学校也有寒暑假,分别称为 winter vacation和 summer vacation。工作的人也有一些带薪的假期, 不同的公司的规定不同。Vacation和 holiday,一般指法定假日,例如:
Christmas, new year 等等。
这个句型中 plan 这个词汇的用法非常重要,现在我们来看一组使用 plan 的句型:
What do you plan to do tomorrow? (plan作动词用,结构为 plan to do sth.)
明天你打算做什么?
We are planning a new project. (plan作动词用,结构为plan sth.)
我们正在筹划一个新项目。
That's a perfect plan. (plan作名词用)
这真是一个完美的计划。
Are you going to go anyplace this year?
如果是遇到好朋友,寒暄之后你想问问他今年有打算去什么地方旅行,那你该怎么说呢?对了,就是上面的这个句型。当然,如果我们把时间状语换掉,就可以变出无数个句型来。
例如: Are you going to go anyplace next month / in winter vacation / during the holiday?
I am going to take a trip to Hong Kong.
如果别人问我, 'Will, are you going anyplace this year ? ' 我会用上面的这个句子来回答。这个句子里有一个非常有用的短语,就是 take a trip to someplace. “到某个地方去旅行”。
例如:I am going to take a trip to Boston next week.
She is going to take a trip to London next month.
Dave is going to take a trip to China in June.
如果是到某个地方去出差,则可以使用 takea business trip to someplace. 当然,如果你在练
习的过程中, 始终觉得 take a trip to 这个短语太拗口的话, 不妨改用 travel to someplace这个表达同样意思的短语。
例如,I'll travel to Kunming this July.
My family traveled to Tibet last year.
How are you going? Are you going by boat?
如果朋友告诉你他会去某个地方旅行,你当然得问问他, “你怎么去?”这其实就是用 How are you going?这个精彩短句。你一定要把它背得滚瓜烂熟,能作到脱口而出哟。当然你还可以加上另外的一个句子,就是 Are you going by ...?“你是坐……去吗?”只要你把这两个经典的句型给掌握透彻了,嘿嘿,当一个老外告诉你他要去某个地方时,你就不会无话可说了。
I am going by air. I like flying.
如果别人问到你乘坐什么交通工具出行,你会怎么讲呢?对了,关键就是要掌握 by 这个介词的用法。坐飞机可以说是 by air 或 by plane; 坐火车是 by train; 乘船是 by ship/ boat/ sea;坐汽车的话一般用 by bus。在美国旅行,可以搭乘巴士、汽车、火车或者徒步。最便宜的方法则是开汽车游览美国,不但方便,并且能让你好好的看看边境城镇。“灰狗”(Greyhound)是美国最著名的全国性长途汽车公司,美国各地都有班车服务。灰狗巴士的车身非常高大,上面绘着一条奔驰着的灰狗。车身下部有巨大的空间,专门用来装载行李。车厢内部座位宽敞,每个座位靠背均可调整角度,让乘客舒服地躺下歇息。车窗采用特制玻璃,从车外望去黑黝黝的,从里向外看却是一清二楚。车内有空调设备,每个座位旁有调节角度和亮度的小灯。最方便的是,车身尾部还设有厕所。在美国旅游,乘灰狗巴土可说是最方便又节约的了。与乘飞机相比,它的价钱要便宜一半。同开小汽车相比,它可以免去自己动手开车、搬运行李之劳。而且乘坐灰狗巴土,售票时只问最终目的地,以及在出发地点的上车日期和班次,沿途则任由乘客下车观光,愿定哪条路线都可,只要自己计算好时间,搭乘任意班次的灰狗巴土在半个月之内到达终点站就行。此外,国家铁路乘客公司(National Railroad Passenger Corporation Amtrak)与加拿大之铁路有连线的服务。
美国的公共汽车在庞大的交通运输系统中显得势单力薄。有些中小城市没有公共汽车。 即使有公共汽车的城市,线路和车辆也很少,在车站上等一二十分钟才来汽车是常有的事。因此美国的公共汽车不免少人问津,就是收人不多的美国人也要攒钱或向银行借款购买私人汽车,而不愿在公共汽车站上空耗时间。“我喜欢……”的英语句型是 I like ...如果是“我非常喜欢……”一般用 I like … a lot.
例如: “我非常喜欢坐飞机”是 I like flyinga lot.
还有 I like swimming a lot.
I like reading a lot.
I like oranges a lot.
I like watching TV a lot.
表示“非常喜欢”某件事情的还有 I love...这个句型。
例如:I love basketball.
I love surfing on Internet.
I love doing morning exercise.
到外面旅游,我们有许多交通方式可以选择,看下面一组句子:
I will fly to Beijing tomorrow.
我明天将飞往北京。
He went there by train.
他乘火车到那里。
I flew here yesterday evening.
我昨天晚上飞到此地。(乘飞机到此地)
You may go to the Palace Museum by bus.
你可以坐公共汽车到故宫。
Shall we take a cab?
我们搭一辆出租车吧。
It's a six-hour flight.
如果你告诉别人你是坐飞机去,他会问你到“得多长时间到得了啊?”你就可以用上面的这个句子来作为回答。“两个小时的飞行”It's a two-hour flight. “十二个小时的飞行” 'It's a twelve-hour flight.' 请注意 flight 这个词,它的意思是“飞行航程”,ride则是“(火车/汽车)行程”,voyage是“轮船的航程”。
例如:It's a twenty-hour train ride.
It's a five-hour bus ride.
It's an eight-hour voyage.
如果是自己开车的话,那就是 drive, 比如说, It's a four-hour drive. “自己开车得要四个小时。”
Have a good time on your trip.
当朋友要出去旅行的时候,你是不是得送出你的祝福呀?怎么说合适呢?你可以说“祝你玩 得高兴!”Have a good time!
此外你还可以说,
“Have a safe trip!” “祝你一路平安! ”
“Have a smooth trip!” “祝你一路顺风! ”
当然,如果对方是地位比较高的人士,你也可以来一句 Bon voyage! 这本是法语的“一路顺风! ”但如今已经被英语吸收进来了,成为英语里面比较正式的说法。别人祝自己一路平安时,当然要表示谢意。所以我们在这里要把英语里表示感谢的短句子来归纳一下:(程度由轻到重)
Thanks. “谢了”
Thank you. “谢谢你。 ”
Thanks a lot. “多谢了”
Thanks a million.“万分感谢。 ”
I really appreciate it.“我真是太感激你了。 ”
那么“不用谢”又如何表达呢?
一般来说比较正式的说法是You are welcome.或者是 My pleasure.
那么在朋友之间自然不必那么客套,说一句 Don't mention it! 或是 Forget it! 就可以了。
Taking the plane is expensive, but it's fast and convenient.
我们说“乘坐”某种交通工具,一般可以都可以用 take这个动词,
例如:take the bus,
take the plane,
take the train,
take the ship/ boat,
take the subway(地铁)等等。
大部分的观光客都是搭乘飞机前往美国,到东岸的直飞班机通常降落在波士顿、纽约、华盛顿;到南部的则降落在迈阿密;到西岸的直飞班机则停在洛杉矶、旧金山。每天都有班机从欧洲、远东和南美飞到纽约和洛杉矶。虽然国际航线的旅游从来没有便宜过,但有几种方法能使你的旅行又经济又圆满。小规模的航空公司通常以削价与大航空公司竞争,虽然有些服务会因此减少,可是能省下的票价却也不少。比较传统的节省办法是注意包机(Charter flights)与预先购买的旅游票(Advanced purchased ExcursionFares, APEX),包机的麻烦是必须事先订好往返的日期,若变更日期时须付出高额的罚款。旅游票的限制比包机票来得少,但必须在一个月前购买,且有最少与最多停留日期的规定。
美国的铁路生意却是每况愈下,一年不如一年。因为火车既不如飞机速度快,又不如小汽车方便,所以在美国坐火车的人越来越少,有些铁路公司甚至被迫倒闭。美国火车分为客车和卧车:客车座位都是单座,可以自己调整座椅的角度,夜间还有枕头出租;卧车可以自选厢位,一个厢位包括一间单人房或一间可容 1-4 人的房间、一间卧室和一间客厅,每个厢位都有专用厕所和盥洗设备。火车上大都有空调和暖气,通常附带餐车,也常常有烧烤部和小吃部、休息车厢及俱乐部车厢,不少列车有可以吸烟的特别车厢。乘客上车前可选择吸烟 或不吸烟车厢。餐车不能预先订座,一概采取“先到先吃”的办法。
Did you make the hotel reservation?
如果是在旅游旺季出门,提前预订好住处是非常必要的。
“做一个预订”就是 make a reservation。
外出旅行一定要计划和预定。大部分人会依赖 travel agency旅游公司打理一切。
而有的人喜欢自己旅行,那么可要十分费心了:
你需要自己订机票:to book flight tickets;
需要提前找好旅馆arrange your lodging等等,需要操心的事情很多.
I have lots of things to do before I can leave.
我们常常是忙里偷闲出去旅行的,在离开之前还有很多事情要处理也不足为奇,所以通常会说“离开之前我还有一大堆事儿要做呢!”例如,如果你因为工作不愉快提出辞职了,但想表达“在离开前还有很多话要说。”就可以按照这个句型,I have lots of things to say before I quit the job.
2008-5-30 21:27
yuanhaimaoyi88
I have to apply for a passport.
Apply for 通常指那种需要提出书面要求,还等经过正式手续审批的非常正式的申请。我们常常遇到的情况有:apply for a visa(申请签证);
apply for a loan (申请贷款);
apply for admission (申请入学资格)。
I'd like to book an air ticket to San Francisco.
Book作名词用的意思人人都知道,但是如果是作动词用是什么意思呢?
对了,就是“预订”,比如 book a room “预订一个房间”。“我要预订一个双人间。”就是 I'd like to book a double room. “单人间”是 single room, “标准间”是 standard room.“饭店套房” 就是 suite.飞机票可以说air ticket 或是 plane ticket。 按照等级可以分为 economy class “经济舱”、business class “公务舱”、first-class“头等舱”, 还可以分为 one-way ticket 单程票、return ticket 往返票。如果是火车票则是可分为 coach ticket “座位票”、sleeper ticket 则是指“卧铺票” 。
When is the checkout time?
“结账时间是几点?” 我们知道,入住饭店一般都要在离开饭店那天的中午前办理离开手续,否则的话就要再加收一天的费用。所以,住饭店时千万别忘记了问一下服务员,那家饭店要求几点前结算。
Check in 也是一个非常有用的短语,它的意思是“到达饭店后办理入住手续” 。Have you checked into the hotel? “你办好入店手续了吗?”当然,如果是出现在乘飞机这个场景,它的意思就变成了“办理登机手续,换领登机牌”。
I'll see you off at the airport.
当然,如果你的朋友告诉你他即将出门旅行的话,出于礼貌你也得说“我去给你送行吧。”
这里用到的短语就是 see sb.off。
例如,I'll see you off at the train station.
I'll see you off at the harbor.
I'll see you off tomorrow.
Don't forget to call me when you arrive.
如果你去给朋友送行,当然会说“到了后别忘了打个电话。”Don't forget to do sth. 这个祈使句型的意思是“别忘记做某事” 。
例如:Don't forget to call me if you need help.
Don't forget to send me an e-mail when you have time.
Don't forget to finish this paper by this weekend.
I'd like to pay with traveler's checks.
I'd like to pay with... “我要以……来支付费用。”出门旅行经常要遇到结账,那么就可以用到这个句型,其他的例子还有 I'd like to pay with cash. I'd like to pay with credit card。(信用卡)所谓旅行支票,是一种有价证券,它是由一些大银行、大旅行公司发行的固定票面金额、专供旅行者使用的一种支付工具。旅行为了安全起见,最好不带现金,那么在旅行的费用如何支付呢? 当然你可以使用信用卡,但是有很多地方不能使用信用卡。还有一种方式是使用旅行支票。你可以到银行购买旅行支票并签名,然后到其他地方凭相同签名支付。外币旅行支票有许多优点,它可以保证不受兑换汇率波动的影响,而且当抵达目的地后,就能马上知道钱囊里有多少钱可以使用。现在越来越多的银行免费兑付旅行支票。在美国,你可以象使用现金一样广泛方便地使用旅行支票,购物,就餐,交保险等等。它优于现金之处在于旅行支票一旦丢失或被盗,你可以打电话挂失并可以得到一笔紧急资金渡过难关。现在在中行可以买到美国运通(American Express)的旅行支票。手续费 1%,可以用人民币支付。如果去美国,使用旅行支票时不需再付手续费。
What's the best place for souvenir hunting?
去外地旅行,当然要给家人和朋友买些纪念品,用英语表达就是 souvenir。 到了人生地不熟的地方,当然就要问一下当地人哪里能买到纪念品啦。Hunt 的原意是“打猎” ,在这里它的意思则是“仔细地搜寻” 。我们常说的“找工作” ,其实用得比较多的是 hunt for a job,以此来表达找到一个职位的不容易。Head hunter 就是我们常说的“猎头公司” 。
Lots of airports have duty-free shops.
在美国口语中,duty的意思就是 “关税”,所以duty-free就是 “免税的”。“免税商店”是duty-free shop,“免税商品”是 duty free goods。 无论你是否有任何东西需要申报,在进入美国前,都必须通关。为了更快速起见,先准备好打开你的行李。你必须遵守下列的限制:1.自用品、2.家庭用品、3.礼物、4.酒、烟叶、香烟。有几种东西,非经特许,是不准带入美国的,这些东西包括:1.药品、2.植物、3.肉类和皮革、5.黄金、6.枪支。
Have you ever been to Australia?
当我们谈到某个旅游胜地的时候,常常问“你到过那里没有?”这时用的句型就是 Have you ever been to ……?
例如: Have you ever been to America?
Have you ever been to Taiwan? Have you ever been to Europe?
注意这里不要用 gone to,gone to 的意思是“去了还没回来。 ”
例如:Jane has gone to America.
“Jane去美国了。(她还没有回来。) ”
This trip is terrific!
旅行归来,朋友问到“玩得怎么样?”如果你玩得非常爽的话,就可以告诉对方,The trip is great/ terrific/ wonderful! 如果这次旅行一般的话,就说,Just so so。 如果很失望的话,不妨说 The tripreally sucks! 美国口语中常用 suck这个动词来表示“某物糟糕到了极点。 ”例如:This movie bleeds! His vision really sucks! This kind of noise really sucks!到异地旅行, 问路的事情肯定少不了, 有关问路指路的内容我们有专门的章节讨论。这里我们主要探讨一下如何问路,向谁问路。问路的最佳对象就是警察了。
典型的句型如下:
Excuse me sir, could you tell me where the PalaceMuseum is?
这个句型因为有 could的存在而显得很比较客气。
其他的问路句型还有:
How can I find the Palace Museum?
Where is the Palace Museum?
Which is the way to the Palace Museum?
Is the Palace Museum far away?
Excuse me. How can I get to the Palace Museum?
Is there a cinema nearby?
Is the Bank of China straight ahead?
Just go straight ahead. And turn left at the first crossing.
Sorry. I'm new here too.
I'll walk you to the bank. It's on my route.
You can take bus No.716 and get off at the Xi'dan station.
2008-5-30 21:27
yuanhaimaoyi88
二、举一反三
1. Where are you going to spend your vacation?
你今年夏天打算到哪里去度假?
最近想休一次假吗?
2. Are you going to go anyplace this year?
春节你要去什么地方吗?
下个月你们要去什么地方吗?
圣诞节你们要去什么地方吗?
3. I am going to take a trip to Hong Kong.
我要去一趟云南。
我要去一趟西欧。
我们要去一次美国和加拿大。
4. How are you going? Are you going by boat?
你怎么去?是坐飞机去吗?
你们怎么去? 是坐火车去吗?
我们怎么去? 是坐地铁去吗?
5. I am going by air. I like flying.
我要坐火车去。我喜欢乘火车。
我要坐船去。我特别喜欢乘船。
我要坐公共汽车去。那样比较便宜。
6. It's a six-hour flight.
这是 12 个小时的火车行程。
这是 8 个小时的轮船航程。
这是 3 个小时的巴士行程。
7. Have a good time on your trip.
祝你一路平安!
祝你一路顺风!
8. Taking the plane is expensive, but it's fast and convenient.
乘轮船很舒服,但就是太慢了。
乘火车很慢,但就是便宜。
乘地铁很快,而且不太贵。
9. Did you make the hotel reservation?
你预订了一个双人间了吗?
你们预订了一个标准间了吗?
他们订了两个套间了吗?
您是通过旅行社预定的房间吗?
这位先生想要预定往返机票。
10. I have lots of things to do before I can leave.
在离开前我还有很多事情要处理。
在离开前我还有一些文件要看。
在辞职前我还有很多话要讲。
11. I have to apply for a passport.
我得申请一个签证。
我们得申请一笔贷款。
我要申请大学入学资格。
12. I'd like to book an air ticket to San Francisco.
我要订一张到上海的飞机票。
我要订两张到深圳的飞机票。
我要订三张这个礼拜六去华盛顿的飞机票。
13. When is the checkout time?
你必须在中午 12 点之前办理完离店手续。
我们得在下午两点办理入住手续。
他们在早上9 点办理了登机手续。
14. I'll see you off at the airport.
我明天去给你送行。
我们会去火车站送行。
我们会到码头去给你们送行的。
15. Don't forget to call me when you arrive.
你到了后别忘了通知我们。
离开前你别忘了带上旅行支票。
16. I'd like to pay with traveler's checks.
我付现金。
我用信用卡付账。
可以用旅行支票付账吗?
请您付现金。
17. What's the best place for souvenir hunting?
哪里最合适品尝本地小吃?
哪里最合适入住?
18. Lots of airports have duty-free shops.
大多数机场都有咖啡厅。
许多火车站都有餐厅。
19. Have you ever been to Australia?
你去过德国吗?
你去过法国吗?
你们去过新西兰吗?
20. This trip is terrific!
这次旅行不错!
这次旅行一般!
这次旅行糟糕透了!
21. Which direction is it to the Palace Museum?
外语学院在哪儿?
去往长城的路怎么走?
北京大学离这儿远吗?
附近有书店吗?
22. In spring, the weather is usually windy in Beijing.
北京的秋天很美丽。
这个城市的气候宜人。
杭州的春天和夏天很多雨。
三、有问有答
1. A: Where are you going to spend your vacation?
B: .
2. A: ?
B:I am going to take a trip to Hong Kong.
3. A: How are you going? Are you going by boat?
B: .
4. A: ?
B: It's a six-hour flight.
8. A: When is the checkout time?
B: .
12. A: How is your trip?
B:!
13. A: Is it a beautiful country?
B: .
四、身临其境
2.
John: The Hilton Hotel, please. 我在 11 点有一个会议。请您稍微快一些。
Cab-driver: You'll be there in plenty of time.
John: 我们走第五大街如何?
Cab-driver: 这个主意不错。We don't have too much traffic in that street.
(15 minutes later)
Cab-driver: Here we are. $8.50, please.
John: Thank you. Here's $10.00. keep the change.
3.
Jade: Grand Central Station, please. 我要去赶 6 点去纽约的火车。
Cab-driver: I think you'll make it if we don't get stuck in a traffic jam.
(20 minutes later)
Cab-driver: 到了,总共 18 美金。
Jade: 这是 20美金,不用找了。
4.
Clerk: May I help you?
Leo: 我要一张下个礼拜天到大理的飞机票.
Clerk: Just a second and I'll check the schedule.
Leo: 我要经济舱的票.
Clerk: TWA has a fight leaving at 9:25.
Leo: 这个时间还可以。票价是多少钱?
Clerk: 1200 元。
Leo: 我该什么时候办理登机手续呢?
Clerk: You have to be there half an hour before departure time.
Leo: I see. Thanks a lot.
Clerk: 不用谢。
5.
Peter: Do you have any vacancies?
Clerk: 我们在四楼还有三套标准间。
Peter: How much is it?
Clerk: 加上税的话 45 美金一晚上。包括免费早餐。
Peter: Can I see it, please?
Clerk: 当然可以。 请跟我来。
Peter: 饭店里面有游泳池和健身房吗?
Clerk: 有的,在第 8 层。我们在第6 层还有酒吧。
Peter: 太好了。我要两间标准间。
Clerk: Ok, your rooms are 401 and 402. Here are the keys.
Peter: Thanks a lot.
2008-5-30 21:28
yuanhaimaoyi88
第十三单元 Eating out
一、经典句型
1. Let's go eat. It's my treat.
2. They serve good food in this restaurant.
3. What's good here?
4. What's the daily special?
5. What would you like to have?
6. I'd like fried chicken and a bowl of tomato soup.
7. Which would you rather have-steak or fish?
8. Can I have some more bread?
9. Are you ready to order or do you need a minute?
10. How do you like your steak?
11. This is not done yet.
12. What would you like to drink?
13. May I have the check, please?
14. Can you give me a doggie bag?
15. I am eating my midnight snack.
16. Eat up!
17. Are you ready for dessert now?
18. Do you require formal dress in the restaurant?
19. Let's grab something to eat!
20. Please don't talk me into eating this jellyfish.
Let's go eat. It's my treat.
如果你要请老美吃饭,如何发出邀请呢?对了,你可以用上这个句子:It's my treat.
这句话明白地告诉对方由你来买单,所以一开始就得说清楚了。其它表达这个意思的句子还有 I am buying. It's on me. Be my guest 等等。当然,如果是想和对方平摊饭费的话,也要事先说清楚:Let's go Dutch. 这句话的意思就是“我们AA制吧。 ”我们也可以说: Let's split! “treat”除了“对付”的意思,还可以表示“款待、招待”,比如你和别人打赌,输了之后,You had to treat her to an ice cream.“你不得不请她吃冰淇淋”。不过款待别人,不一定总是要“吃吃喝喝” ,也可以来点高雅的,比如说 I'll treat you all to a little piano specialty of my own.“我请大家听一首我特地自谱的钢琴曲”,这种招待客人的方式还真是够水平的。
当然 treat 还有“名词”的身份,表示“请客、做东”,所以如果你想表示“我做东,我请客”,就拍拍胸脯说: It's my treat. 有次我问老美出去吃东西怎么说, 他回答说一般出去吃饭, 他们只说 go eat , go out eating 或是 eat out 而不会说 go to dinner, go for lunch, 也就是不需特地说中餐或是晚餐。 所以后来老美问我刚去哪了, 我应该要说 I just went out eating, 而不会说 I just went to dinner. 如果要强调是去吃午餐或晚餐的话, 一般就直接说 lunch 或是dinner. 例如人家问你, “Where did you go?” 你就可以答说 “Lunch.”
They serve good food in this restaurant.
本句的 serve这个词是 “上饭菜” 的意思。 如果要说, “这家餐厅的饭菜非常可口” 可以说, They serve delicious food in this restaurant. 如果老美请你到外面吃饭,或者你到他家里做客,礼貌起见应该适当对食品有些必要的赞美。举例:
This restaurant serves very good food.
The food looks inviting.
It tastes good.
Delicious!
Tasty!
在美国,人们的生活节奏很快,平常在外吃饭都是快餐, 普通民众吃的较多的是: Junk food,“垃圾食品”,指热量高而又没有营养的快餐食品,好一点的是制作精良一些的三明治 delisandwiches 等等,这类的食品虽然不怎么健康,但是价格便宜,而且方便。
在北美较大的城市中,有各国风味的餐馆经营正餐。 这类的餐馆价格一般比较昂贵, 白领以下的阶层一般消费不起。在这里我们简单介绍一下比较正式的西餐的基本情况。 基本构成:
Appetizer 开胃小菜
Salad/ bread roll 沙拉/小面包
Soup 汤
Main course / entree 主菜
Dessert 甜品
Drinks 酒水
全套正式西餐按照上述顺序一一上齐, 这样的正餐,尤其是再加上酒水饮料 (除一般免费的酒水以外),价钱较贵,便宜的也要三五十美元, 贵的就得几百美元。
当然, 不是十分必要的场合,不用点齐所有的餐品; 女生一般点个汤或者沙拉,因为女生经常要减肥。 男生吃的比较多,一般一个主菜也就够了,因为一般的主菜量就很大了。
正式的西餐讲究比较多,对吃相也有一定的要求, 要想学得好,需要多多的实践, 不过也不要过分担心,作为一个外国人,不会吃西餐没有什么可以觉得尴尬的; 要知道,很多外国人刚开始吃中餐的样子也很可笑呢!
不过一定要注意的是, 去吃正式的西餐服装上一定要比较正式整洁; 吃饭当中,最好不要大声说笑。
What's good here?
如果你是第一次到一家餐厅吃饭,就可以用这个句子来问服务生,“你们这里有什么菜做得好?”“你们这儿有什么特色菜?”同样的意思还可以用另外一个句子来表达,“What do you recommend? ” 一般说来,每个餐厅都有它最拿手的几道特色菜,所以就一定要问一下,以免后悔哦。
What's the daily special?
餐厅为了招徕顾客,除了要有特色的菜肴之外,一般还会有特价菜,也就是 special. 特价菜一般说来是每天都在更新的,所以我们在 special 之前加上了一个 daily.
What would you like to have?
我们要特别注意 have 这个词,它的含义特别广泛,在吃饭的时候,无论是吃菜,喝酒水或汤都可以用上这个笼统但又恰当的词。和别人一同到餐厅里,一般要尊重别人的口味,共同商量点餐。表达意愿和提出建议、邀请的句型有:
What do you want for dessert?
Would you like some fish?
Would you like to try the steak here?
What would you like to eat?
What do you want?
共同进餐或者到别人家里做客,西方人的习惯与我们不同, 我们通常喜欢劝吃,并一味加菜给别人,以示热情,而西方人就比较自我一点,当然也尊重别人的口味和习惯。西餐一般都是个人吃个人的, 不是特别熟悉的人,不会共同分享食物; 在别人家做客的时候,主人有时会劝吃、劝喝。下面是一些很有礼貌的建议和邀请的句型:
Which would you rather have-steak or fish?
Wouldn't you like some rainbow trout?
What kind of fish would you like?
I made the ice cream myself. Would you like to have some?
同西方人一同进餐, 劝吃一句足矣, 别人拒绝了以后,就不要再执意劝说了,否则会另人反感。我们中国人的习惯是一定一劝再劝,直到别人接受才罢休.如果别人对你提出邀请,你也千万不要沿用中国大众礼节,想吃又觉得不好意思,推让一下吧, 你这一推让不要紧, 西方人可不会对你再三劝让, 那你可就要饿肚子喽。 所以如果想要什么,不想要什么, 直接表达就可以了:
Yes, I'd like some. Yes, thank you.
No, thank you. I'm really full.
I'd like fried chicken and a bowl of tomato soup.
如果是老美请你吃饭,你用哪个句子来表达你想点什么菜呢?对了,就用 I'd like … 这个句型就可以了,表示“我想要吃……”这里其实不用再在 like后面加上 to eat,因为在餐厅这个环境里面,你说 I'd like自然就是表明自己想吃某种饭菜,不会产生任何的歧义。
Fried chicken就是我们通常说的“炸鸡”。如果请老美吃饭,而又拿不准他的口味到底如何,那么最好的一个解决办法就是带他/她去吃炸鸡或 Pizza,因为几乎没有一个老美不喜欢吃这两样东西的。当然,如果是在北京的话,你也不妨带他们去尝尝北京烤鸭 (Beijing Roast Duck), 这也是美国人的一大喜好,连现在的美国总统布什一家都是它的忠实拥楚呢。
Which would you rather have-steak or fish?
用这个句型可以给对方一些选择, 让对方决定到底吃什么。 比如说, 你还可以问 Which would you rather have- beef or pork? 有的中国人不懂美国人是从来不吃狗肉的,在点菜的时候还问对方,Which would you rather have-mutton or dog's meat? 这样会让对方非常尴尬。美国人都非常喜欢狗,他们认为狗是人类最好的朋友,所以吃狗肉就是一种非常残忍的行为。记住千万不要让美国人去吃狗肉,最好也别告诉他们你特别喜欢吃狗肉。
Can I have some more bread?
“能再多给我点面包吗?”美国餐厅中的面包吃完了可以一直拿不用钱, 所以吃不饱时就尽量吃面包吧! 另外提醒一点, 国内说的土司面包在美国就叫 bread, 美国人所谓的“土司面包” (toast) 指的是在面包上涂上一层蒜泥或是奶油下去烤的面包。当初一直以为我们说的土司面包就叫 toast, 造成不少误会。有一次我去美国接待家庭住, 早餐时妈妈问我要吃什么,因为我不想太麻烦人家, 我又刚好看到桌上有土司面包,所以我就说 toast, 结果害人家还大费周章跑去帮我烤面包,其实我应该说 bread,就不会造成别人的误会了。
Are you ready to order or do you need a minute?
“你们准备好要点菜了吗? 还是要再等一会?”通常饮料上桌之后, 大伙都还要花点时间研究一下菜单, 如果侍者看你们差不多了, 就会过来问你们, Are you ready to order or just a minute? 如果是已经准备好要点餐了, 就直接跟她说你想吃什么, 如果大家还想再研究研究, 则可以跟侍者说 Just a minute 或是 Wait a few more minutes 请他等一下, 他会说 OK. I'll be back. (好, 那我等会儿再来。)
How do you like your steak?
“你的牛排要几分熟?” 通常点牛排, 或是在高级一点的餐厅点牛肉汉堡, 服务生都会这样问你, How do you like it cooked?
回答的方式:
全熟是 well done
七分熟: medium well
五分熟: medium
四分熟: medium rare
三分熟: rare
老美有时在开玩笑时也用 bloody 来代替 rare 这个字, 听来是不是更传神?
所以如果各位嗜食生牛肉的话, 下次不妨试试 bloody as hell 的点法。
但请注意一下 bloody 这个字在英国英语中有点类似 fxxx 的意思, 所以除非有把握不然不要拿出来乱用。记得有一次我去一家蛮高级的美国餐厅用餐,我跟他要 well-done 的牛排, 结果煮出来的东西跟橡皮一样难吃。后来老美跟我解释, 你摸摸自己头上的各部位就知道你的牛排等一下煮出来是什么样子了。 well-done 就是头顶, 硬梆梆的;medium well 就是额头, 稍微有点弹性;medium 是鼻头, 软软的; rare 是下巴最柔软的部份。 我觉得这个分法蛮实用的, 跟各位分享一下。
如果你在餐厅里面点了煎鸡蛋,服务生也会问你 How do you like you egg cooked?“你点的鸡蛋要几分熟?”蛋的说法跟肉类不一样,不要像我刚到美国时听人家这么问就自作聪明地回答Well done真让人家给笑掉大牙。 蛋的回答方法是 1. Scramble 炒蛋; 2. Sunny side up 只煎一面的荷包蛋, (这句话很有意思, 因为荷包蛋像太阳, 所以老美用 sunny side 来形容);3. Sunny side down 二面都煎或是 ease over。 要白煮蛋的话也分二种, 一种叫 soft boil ,一种叫 hard boil。 所谓的 soft boil 是指让蛋黄的部份还有点液体状, 而 hard boil 则是指整个的蛋黄都煮成固体状的。 有些店连 hash brown 也会问 How do you likeit cooked? 这个也有很多选择, 不过一般我只会回答两种: patty (饼状) 跟 scattered (分散状)
This is not done yet.
2008-5-30 21:28
yuanhaimaoyi88
This is not done yet.
“这家伙还没有熟呢!”大家知道这个 this 在这里指的是什么吗? 是指那些食物喔! 真的是非常简单的口语讲法。
例如, “我们该把这个鸡腿翻面了”这句话你就可以这样表达, “We have to flip this over!”
简单吧! 根本不用 chicken leg 。另外本句还有一个重点就是那个 done。 以前我每次看到done 就会把它想成是“完成式”, 所以同样的句子我会把它讲成, “This has not been done yet.” 哇, 听起来是不是蛮笨的? 大家要知道, done 其实也可以当形容词用, 前面直接接 be动词,或是从文法上来看, 用 be 动词+ 过去分词 pp 可以表示一种状态, 而用完成式表示激活的完成, 所以你常可以听老美说, “I am done.”(我做完了。 (另意: 我完蛋了。) 而不说 “I have done。 ” 就是这个道理。 所以这里只要简简单单地说, “This is not done yet.”“就可以了. 如果是问人家这块肉烤熟了没有则可以说: “Is this done yet?” 。
What would you like to drink?
“想要喝点什么?” 美国餐厅的习惯, 吃饭时都会点一大杯饮料, 所以侍者一定会先问你 What do you like to drink?也有人会这么说, Can I get you something to drink? 一般餐厅都会提供的有 Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite, Iced Tea, 以及 Lemonade 等。 如果什么都不要, 就说 Just water。值得注意的是, 在一般的速食店提到 drink 都是指 soft drink 。 但是一般人说到 have a drink 时, 他们多半指的是 alcoholic, 也就是含酒精的饮料。 所以如果有人问你, “Come on, have a drink with us.” 他绝不是要你跟他们一起喝可乐的意思, 而是要你跟他们一起喝酒啦!
May I have the check, please?
吃完饭别忘了给钱喔! check 就是账单的意思, 另外也可以说 buy the bill, 就跟中文里说的买单是一样的。 当然吃完了饭请别忘了给小费喔!在美国的正式餐馆中就餐要给小费,数额约为就餐费的 15%。在高级餐馆就餐,或服务特别周到时,小费还要多。小费不开在账单上,由顾客另付,可以在付款时不要找零,或把钱放在桌上。
在美国付小费是个经常会遇到的问题, 而且它有一些约定俗成的习惯, 最好能做到入境问俗,如果您不知其中的“秘密” ,也许会让您陷入意想不到的尴尬,甚至会出丑。凡是搭计程车、到餐厅吃饭、服务生或机场人员代提行李等,都是需要给小费的。
一般情况下,付给出租汽车司机的小费大约是全程路费的 10-15%;付给搬运工的是每提一个箱子 1 美元;理发、美容的小费为理发、美容费的10-15%。然而并不是对任何为你服务的人都要付小费。美国的政府公务人员、警察、公司职员、旅馆服务台、公共汽车司机、电影院引座员、空中小姐、商场营业员、加油站的管理员是不收小费的。如果去自助餐厅、快餐店等自选饭菜的地方用餐也不用付小费。
在此了解的基础上,还要注意一些特殊的“风俗”。例如:晚间用餐小费需比白天多一些:
切记千万不要以 penny(硬币)付小费。如果你把 penny 丢在桌上,尽管你付小费很多,很可能会被服务生误解为不满其服务,是一种羞辱的举止。除非服务实在是太差了,否则绝不可在小费中放置任何 penny。在美国各种场合小费多如牛毛,如果你该出手时不出手,几乎寸步难行。上餐馆、旅行住店更是切不可忘记,否则遭人白眼不说,背后还要被 Curse;要不就是晚上回到房间里缺这少那,特别是卫生间里, “纸”到用时方恨少啊!
Can you give me a doggie bag?
“能不能给我一个狗食袋?”东西点太多吃不完怎么办? 这么说就对了。 说 doggie bag 是因为不希望别人觉得你太小气, 吃不完还要带回家吃, 所以说是给狗吃的。 或是用 doggie box 代替 doggie bag 也可以, 因为大部份的餐厅给的都是盒子而不是袋子。最后提醒点, 请不要在高级的餐厅说 doggie bag , 那是不太礼貌的, 你可以只说 Can you give me a box 就行了。另外一种常用的讲法叫 “Wrap it up.” 这就相当于中文里的, 帮我打包的意思。 在美国的中餐馆打包也很有意思, 有时候你说要打包他们还会问你要不要饭?
当然要啦! 这样子下一餐的饭和菜就通通有着落了。
I am eating my midnight snack.
“我正在吃宵夜。 ” 不过美国似乎不太流行吃宵夜, 只有少数几家 24 小时营业的餐厅 (如 affle House, IHOP) 卖宵夜, 或者是到中国餐厅!最近有一部电影是讲蝙蝠的, 他的宣传短片里就有这样一句:You will become their midnight snack. 这句话真是让我印象深刻。注意到了没有? 它也是用 midnight snack 喔!
Eat up!
大家尽情享用吧!当主人的该怎么提醒别人可以开吃了呢? 简单的说法是, “Let's start eating.” 或许有人会问 eat 和 eat up 有什么不同? 简而言之, eat 是指“吃”的动作, 但也可以指“吃饭”而言。 所以你可以跟好友说, “Do you want to go to eat?” (想不想去吃饭啊?) 但 eat up 则有“吃光”和“尽情享用”的意思在内。
值得注意的是, 许多带有 up 的短语都有“用完、耗尽”的意思。 例如 use up 指“用光”, read up a magazine 指“读毕杂志”等, 所以 eat up 有“吃光”的意思在内, 例如篮球比赛里eat up the clock 就是指终场前获胜的一队把时间耗尽。当主人对客人说 “Eat up.” 有恳请客人把菜吃个精光的意思在内,也就是请客人尽情地享用。
但话又说回来, 这样的解释只是帮助各位记忆而已。事实上, “eat” 和 “eat up” 有时候我们很难去介定两者的区别, 也就是说两者事实上常常混用。 例如你可以说,“Computer games eat up my time.” (计算机游戏占去了我的时间。) 但这里如果你用 eat my time 也并无不妥。 所以说这些口语上的用法并不如字典里的定义那般精确。
如果你请客,当然要招呼客人啦,这时候说句‘Help yourself!' 就表示“你自己夹菜吧!”在吃饭的时候我们常常要喝酒,所以得学会敬酒的英语。“干杯!”就是 Cheers! 当然,如果是“为……而干杯”就是,To...,比如:To your health/ our cooperation! “为你的健康/ 我们的合作干杯! ”
Are you ready for you dessert now?
看到你用完了正餐,服务生会问你“您准备用甜点了吗?” 如果你是一名服务生该如何问客人呢?你可用以下句型:
Good Evening. May I help you?
Here's the menu.
Would you like a drink first?
May I have your order now?
Would you like to order now?
May I serve the dessert now?
Would you like to have seconds?
菜上齐后,常常需要对客人说:
Enjoy you meal.
Have a good evening.
Have a good time.
如果你是食客,要求服务生来提供服务,如同我们麻烦其他任何人一样,语言通常都该非常客气,应用到的大部分都是我们前面章节中有关礼貌用语的各种句型:
A table for two, please.
We'd like to order now please.
Would you please pass me the salt?
Would you pass us another menu?
What kind of dessert do you serve here?
What kind of vegetables do you have here?
Do you require formal dress in the restaurant?
你们要求穿著正式服装吗? formal (正式的), dress(服饰;洋装 )如果那家餐厅有这样的要求,你会听到以下的回答:Yes, we do. (是的。) 有些高档餐厅要求客人要穿得正式一点,否则不让你进餐厅用餐, 或者就算餐厅人员放行,你的衣着也是与其他用餐的客人格格不入或穿得比侍者还逊,那就糗大了。所以你必须事先询问餐厅对服装有没有特别的规定,若那家餐厅并不要求穿正式服装,服务生会告诉你:Casual will be fine. (一般服装即可。casual 指“便装”)。
Let's grab something to eat!
“我们随便找点东西果腹吧!”Grab something to eat 就是指这一餐随便解决, 可能就是到速食店买个 whopper, coke 吃吃。如果到餐厅去吃饭就不能说 grab something to eat。 Grab 是说去拿个东西, 不一定是拿食物, 例如你可以说, Let's get back to grab my camera! 但是一般而言, 应用最广的还是 grab something to eat。老美还教过我一个用法, Let's go to get some grub,这个意思和 grab something to eat 是一样的, 只不过 grub 是比较俚语的用法。
Please don't talk me into eating this jellyfish.
“不要说服我去吃海蜇皮。 ”老美对于中国人什么东西都吃通常会采取敬而远之的态度, 他可以看你吃, 但你要他吃, 门都没有。 那什么东西老美最不敢吃?“Pork feet?”(猪脚?) 这个不够劲爆, 有些老美也吃猪脚的。你也不要拿什么虎鞭熊掌去吓老美, 毕竟那种东西我们也很少吃的, 不是吗? 但有些东西我们常吃, 老美也会觉得很不可思议, 例如 “pork blood” (猪血), “chicken feet” (鸡脚), eel (鳗鱼) 和 “jellyfish” (海蜇皮)。 其中 jellyfish 可能很多人想不到, 但在老美的观念中, jellyfish (水母) 是那种有毒, 半透明, 很漂亮但叮人会很痛的水生动物, 这种东西怎么能吃? 你不相信下次准备一盘海哲皮请老美吃, 等酒过三巡之后再告诉他那是什么, 我保证他一定惊讶地说不出话来。
这里的 talk someone into doing something 这个句型是说服某人去作某件事比较口语的讲法, 例句: “He tried to talk me into buying that ring, but I refused.”
(他试图说服我去买那个戒指, 但我拒绝了。) 这个句型也就相当于 persuade someone to do something 或是 convince someone of doing something。
用英语预订餐厅座位
享受异国美食是出国旅游的乐趣之一,若已打听好何处有美味,不妨在出发前先打电话询问是否需要订位,以免兴冲冲地出门,却碰上餐厅客满的情况。电话预约时,一定要详细告知餐厅预约时间、人数与名字,并且最好询问清楚是否需着正式服装,以免届时失礼。
Do I need a reservation? 我需要预约位子吗?
I'd like to reserve a table for three. 我想预约 3 个人的位子。
We are a group of six. 我们共有 6 个人。
We'll come around eight o'clock. 我们大约在 8 点到达。
How can I get there? 我要如何才能到达餐厅?
I'd like to reserve a table for two at seven tonight. 我想要预约今晚 7点 2 个人的位子。
I'm sorry. We have so many guests this evening. 我很抱歉。今晚的客人相当多。
How long is the wait? 我们大概需要等多久?
Nine o'clock should be O.K. 9 点应该没问题。
We'd like a table with a view of the garden. 我们想要面对花园的位子。
It's O.K. Your name, please. 没问题。请给我你的名字。
My name is Tiger Hu. 我的名字叫胡一虎。
Do you have a dress code? 餐厅是否有任何服装上的规定?
Could the ladies wear formal dresses? 女士是否需着正式服装?
No jeans, please. 请不要穿牛仔裤。
Casuals will be fine. 休闲装也可以。
二、佳句欣赏
Eat Out 请客吃饭
1.情景对话
Mike: This is a nice restaurant, isn't it?
Amy: It's wonderful. The view is simply beautiful. How did you find this restaurant?
Mike: Well, I'm a sophisticated traveler. I know all the great restaurants in the world.
Amy: Sophisticated traveler, huh? I bet you picked the first restaurant you found in the guidebook.
Mike: I'll pretend I didn't hear that. How's the fish?
Amy: Mmm, delicious! Here, have a bite.
Mike: Mmm, it's good. Do you want to try some of mine?
Amy: OK, just a bit. Oops-I dropped my fork. (to the waiter) Excuse me...
Waiter: Yes, is anything wrong?
Amy: I dropped my fork. Could you bring me another one, please?
Waiter: Certainly, ma'am.
2. 对话要点分析:
1) How's the fish?
请朋友吃饭时, 在上了一道菜之后, 你得问问它味道好不好, 这时候就可以用上 How is …?
这个句型。例如:How is the steak? How is the fried chicken?
2) Here, have a bite.
Bite 的意思就是“尝一口” 。这属于比较随意的口语,可以用于比较熟悉或关系亲密的人之间。
3) Do you want to try some of mine?
“你要尝一下我的吗?”这里的 try也是“尝一口”的意思。
4) Oops
[u:ps]是美国人的感叹词,相当于汉语的“哎呀,哎哟” ,表示惊讶, 狼狈时所发的喊声。
5) Could you bring me another one, please?
我们在请别人帮忙时,通常会用到 Could you ... ? 这个句型。例如:Could you do me a favor?
您能帮我一个忙吗? Could you turn off the lights for me? 你能帮我关一下灯吗?
2008-5-30 21:29
yuanhaimaoyi88
Ordering dessert 餐后甜点
1.情景对话
Waitress: Sir, would you like some dessert now?
Will: Please show me the menu again.
Waitress: Here you are. Miss, the chocolate cake is very delicious.
Will: No, thanks. I don't like chocolate. I'd like strawberry pie.
Waitress: I am afraid there is none.
Will: Then I'll have vanilla ice cream.
Waitress: Fine. Iwill bring it right away.
2. 对话要点分析:
1) Here you are.
当别人向自己索取某物时,就可以用这个句子表示“给你吧” 。
2) No, thanks.
在英语中,当要拒绝别人时,一般都要加上 thanks.
3) I am afraid there is none.
I am afraid之后要讲述的内容一般都是对方不愿意听到的负面消息,例如, I am afraid you have been dismissed. 我想恐怕你已经被解雇了。
4) Fine. Iwill bring it right away.
Fine的意思是“好的。”是对对方的允诺。Right away和 at once都是 “立刻, 马上。” 例如: Please leave here right away/ at once.
三、举一反三
1. They serve good food in this restaurant.
这家餐厅的饭菜一般。
这家餐厅的饭菜不好。
2. What's good here?
您能推荐一下什么菜吗?
3. What would you like to have?
你要喝点什么?
你要点些什么?
4. I'd like fried chicken and a bowl of tomato soup.
我要牛排和胡萝卜。
我要烤鸭和豆荚。
我们要三文鱼和土豆泥。
我想吃炸薯条。
甜点我想吃巧克力冰激凌。
5. Which would you rather have-steak or fish?
你要吃什么?土豆还是西红柿?
你要吃什么?是比萨饼还是汉堡包?
你们要吃什么?是牛肉还是猪肉?
7. How do you like your steak cooked?
您想把鸡蛋做熟到什么程度?
10. Eat up!
你自己夹菜!
干杯!
12. Let's grab something to eat!
我们弄点喝的吧!
13. Please don't talk me into eating this jellyfish.
请别说服我吃狗肉。
别让我吃猪肝。
甭叫我吃鸡杂。
16. Could I trouble you for the dressing?
麻烦你帮我递一下盐。
请帮我递一下纸巾好吗?
请帮我换一把叉子,这把叉子刚才掉到地上了。
17. Why don't we go out for dinner tonight?
今天晚上和我一起吃晚饭好吗?我请客。
午餐一起吃,我们 AA制。
18. They serve good food。
这家餐厅的甜点非常好吃。
这家餐厅的牛排做得特棒。
四、有问有答
12. A: Please have another sandwich.
B: Thank you, but .
A: You're going to have dessert, aren't you?
B: Well, I'll have one.
13. A: Would you like some more soup?
B: No, thank you. It's tasty, but I've had enough.
A: Would you like some dessert?
B: Well, .
16. A: Have you decided what you'd like?
B: Yes. First .
A: And then?
B: I'll have the lamb chops, well-done, please.
20. A: Good evening, I'm so happy you could come.
B: Thank you for
A: What would you like to drink?
B: .
五、身临其境
1.Waitress: ?
David: A table for one, please.
Waitress: .
David: Thank you. Ice water, please.
Waitress: .But we have Chinesetea.
David: Tea is fine. [The waitress serves the tea.]
Waitress: ?
David: One Beijing Duck, please.
Waitress: ?
David: Kongpao Chicken, please.
Waitress: ?
David Tomato soup please. And fried rice, too.
Waitress: OK, will that be all?
David: Yes, that should be all.
[Waitress leaves and George waits for his food]
[Waitress brings the food to the table.]
David: Wow! That looks good!
Waitress: .
2.John: Hi! I'm happy you could make it.
Lily: Well, I've been looking forward to seeing you.
John: ?
Lily: French toast pancakes sound good. What are you going to order?
John: I'll have those too. ?
Lily: I'd love a gin and tonic.
John: You're going to have coffee, aren't you?
Lily: .
John: Shall we have some salad?
Lily: No, thanks. I'm on a diet.
(30 minutes later ……)
John: Why don't we have something for dessert?
Lily: I am already full, but I'll have a little ice cream.
2008-5-30 21:29
yuanhaimaoyi88
第十四单元 Campus life
一、经典句型
1. If you expect to enter the university, you should apply now.
2. Bob entered the university at the age of seventeen.
3. He was admitted to Harvard University.
4. Do you live off campus?
5. I major in music. And you?
6. How many mandatory courses should you take?
7. Where's the administration building?
8. During your first year of college, did you make straight A's?
9. Isn't John graduating from college in June?
10. I'd better start cramming.
11. The library gets really crowded right about now.
12. I wonder if I have enough credits.
13. What was your GPA last semester?
14. I'm a graduate of Yale University. I have a Bachelor of Arts degree.
15. This is my first-year of college. I'm a freshman. I'm a first-year student
16. My uncle is a high school principal.
17. I went to grade school in Shanghai, and high school in Chicago.
18. My brother is a member of the faculty. He teaches economics.
19. John has extracurricular activities. He's on the football team.
20. In this college, students train to become diplomats.
If you expect to enter the university, you should apply now.
apply for 这个短语的意思是“申请” ,通常是要办理一定手续的正式申请。比如说,我们经常会用到
apply for a job
apply for a loan (贷款)
apply for a passport(护照)
apply for a visa(签证)等等
如果要申请大学的入学资格,就可以说apply for the admission of the university / college.
If you expect to …,you should …“如果你期望…,你就应该…”,这个句型不但可以用在校园英语的这个场景里面,还可以用在其他很多的生活场景中。比如在英语 900 句的课堂上,Will 老师就经常让学生来造这样一个句子:“如果你期望提高你的口语,你就应该张开口,反复地练习。”
'If you expect to improve your spoken English, you should open your mouth, and practice again and again.' 在这个WTO和奥运时代, 我们常说的一句话就是 'If you expect to find a good job, you should learn English well.'
Bob entered the university at the age of seventeen.
enter 这个词的意思是“进入” ,我们可以说 enter the school(入学), enter the government(进入政府工作), and enter the company(加入某家公司)。
在这个句子中,还有另外一个非常有用的短语,就是at the age of …, 意思是“在…岁的时候”。
如果我们要说“我 6岁入学”,
就可以讲“I entered school at the age of six”.
“Alex 在 25 岁的时候加入了惠普公司。 ”
“Alex entered HP at the age of 25.”
“Jane在 21 岁时成为了中央情报局的一员。 ”
'Jane entered the CIA at the age of 21.'
He was admitted to Harvard University.
admit 是“招收,接纳”的意思,其名词是 admission,表示“入学资格”,这句话的意思就是“他被哈佛大学录取了。 ”大多数中国学生要想到美国接受研究生教育,都得通过 GRE,TOELF,GMAT,LAST等考试,然后向美国大学申请奖学金或助教职位。我们通常说的得到美国大学的 offer,就是指 admission + scholarship, 即被录取,而且争取到了奖学金。如果你的朋友Joe告诉你 'I've got an offer from Yale University’, 那么你就应该立马给他一个大大的 hug,然后大声说, 'Congratulations!'
Do you live off the campus?
美国大学有的有固定的校园,有的则分散在城市的不同区域,有固定校园的大学一般都有宿舍供学生租用,也就是 dorm。宿舍租金一般不太贵,条件也能满足要求。大部分学校是让若干个学生share一套公寓, 所以我们中国学生熟悉的roommate这个词, 也就变成了flatmate.但也有一部分学生自己在学校外租房子住。off the campus 表示“校园之外”,那么“校园里面”怎么说呢?就是“on the campus”啦。在美国大学,如果你要问对方“你是住在学校里面吗?”只要在原句改动一个词就可以了,'Do you live on the campus? '
I major in music. What's your major?
major 是我们谈论到校园生活的一个常用词。
首先,如果它用作动词,major in意思是“以…为专业, 主修…”如果别人问自己 “What's you major?”或者是“What do you study at college?”你就可以说“I major in music/ computer science / math / physics/ chemistry etc.”
另外,major 还可以用作名词,意思是“某个专业的学生” ,比如Will 在大学的专业是英语, 他就会说,“I am an English major.” 同样, 你也可以说“I am a chemistry/ math/ psychology / sociology major.”
在北美的大学读书,除了有自己的专业课,也就是主修课之外,通常还会辅修其它的课程。
“辅修”在英文里面一般用 “minor in”这个短语。比如“Jenny在大学时主修英文,辅修法文。 ”就可以说成是“Jenny majors in English and minor in French.”
How many mandatory courses should you take?
Mandatory course 也可以说成 require course,就是我们常说的“必修课” 。那么“选修课” 怎么说呢? 是 elective courses. 在通过“必修课”或 “选修课”的考试后,都可以得到学分,也就是 credit.美国大学的选课制度比较灵活,只要能拿到要求的学分就能够毕业,而学习的时限则可以由学生自主决定,所以有一些学生选择了中途停学,在工作一段时间后再返回学校继续学习,有不少美国NBA球员就是这么做的。
Where's the administration building?
美国大学每个学期开学时,学生都需要到学校的 Administration Building 去查对你的必修课程和选择选修课程,并进行相应的登记。如果你是刚刚到美国大学求学的话,这句话可是非常管用的哟。对了,在问别人这个问题之前,可别忘了加上 Excuse me这个礼貌的短句。
During your first year of college, did you make straight A's?
美国大学的分数一般都用等级来表示, 英语就是 'grade', 而中国学校常用的百分制在英语中则是 score. 如果要申请美国大学的入学资格,中国学生一般都需要把 score 换算为 grade.我们说得到什么样的分数,一般是用 make这个动词, 例如, make good grades, make poor grades, make full mark. 具体谈到 grade, 分为 A, B, C,每个等级又有“加+”和“减-”,英语的“加”是 plus, “减”是 minus, A+和 B-分别是 'A plus'和 'B minus'. 如果你要问别人, “大学期间 你的成绩如何?”就可以说What kind of grades did you make in college?
Isn't John graduating from college in June?
Graduate from这个短语的意思是 “从某个学校毕业”,例如 graduate from high school / college. Graduation,或 commencement 都可以表示“毕业典礼”。美国大学的毕业典礼是非常隆重的 一件事情,毕业生都穿上典雅的学位服,进行即将告别学校的一系列活动。
需要注意的是 graduate作名词的用法,它表示“某个学校的毕业生” ,如 I am a graduate of Duke University.“我是杜克大学的毕业生。”而 graduate student 的意思则是研究生,如 I am a graduate student of Duke University“我是杜克大学的研究生。”
2008-5-30 21:31
yuanhaimaoyi88
I'd better start cramming.
中国人说“临阵磨枪,不快也光” 。这个句型是平常学习不用功的学生在学期末经常挂在嘴边的,“我得赶快突击一阵子了。”I'd better do sth.这个句型用来表达“我最好去做某件事情”。 例如, 练了一个小时的口语已经口干舌燥了,你就对自己说 “I'd better have a break now.” 如果对自己的英语水平不满意,你会说, “I'dbetter work harder from now on.”
此外,我们还有一个非常实用的句型 You'd better do sth. “你最好去做某件事情。”这个句型可以用来给别人提出建议,如 You'd better get up early tomorrow. You'd better read this book carefully. You'd better leave this dangerous place right away. Cram这个词语原意是“添满,塞满”,如果是在校园里提到它,一般都是指“突击学习,应付考试”。
The library gets really crowded right about now.
中国的大学生都知道,每到学期末,学校图书馆都会被复习备考的学生挤爆。其实不少美国的学校也会出现这种情况。 我们常用 crowded这个词来表示某个地方因为人太多而变得拥挤不堪。
这个句型中,请大家注意两个词:get 这个词看似简单,但在口语中经常用到,这里的意思是“变得…”也就是 become的意思。但我们知道,在口语中,我们更偏好使用短的、容易读的词,所以 get 更加常用。
Real 这个词语在口语中作副词用,意思是“非常,极端地” ,它比 very, extremely更加口语化。举两个例句:The weather gets real cold during the winter of Beijing. “冬天北京的天气变得非常寒冷。” This year's spoken English exam gets real hard.“今年的口语考试变得非常难。 ”
I wonder if I have enough credits.
Credit 这个词的意思是“学分” ,它是可数名词,一个学分是 one credit, 两个学分就是 two credits. 在美国大学学习,如果想要毕业拿到学位,除了通过论文答辩之外,还必须拿够学校规定的学分。
这个句子看似简单,但里面却包含着一个非常经典的口语句型,I wonder if … ,即“我想知道某件事情是不是真的”。如果你对某件事情的判断不确定,想要别人告诉你,或者想知道对方是否愿意做这件事情,就可以用上这个句型。
比如,当你想和老外说话,但不知道他/她讲不讲英文,就可以问上这么一句,I wonder if you can speak English.
还有很多这样的例子,如 :
I wonder if I should buy the book called “Who Moved My Cheese? ”
I wonder if they can make it. I wonder if the library is open in the winter vacation.
I wonder if you are married.
如果你问Will 老师, “Will, I wonder if I can learn to speak good English in six months.” 他会告诉你说, “As long as you work hard and smart, you are sure to make it.”(“只要你苦干加巧干,就一定能做得到!”)
What was your GPA last semester?
中国学生都知道学期可以说成是 term, 但在北美的大学里,我们也常用 semester 这个词。此外,如果是一个学年,我们则说成是 school year. GPA对于准备到美国留学的同学来说,应该是耳熟能详的一个词了,它的全称 general point average, 即“平均成绩点数” 。在进行录取时,美国大学一般都比较重视申请人的 GPA,多数大学对申请人GPA都有最低规定,不够最低 GPA要求的不予考虑。
GPA计算方法为:各科成绩按等级乘以学分再以总学分除之。
以百分制为例,90 至100 为 A等=4.0,
80 至 89 为 B 等=3.0,
70 至 79 为 C 等=2.0,
60 至 69 为D 等=1.0,
60 分以下为 F 等=0 点。
例如某学生的五门功课的学分和成绩为:
A课程四个学分,成绩 92(A),应得点数为 4*4=16,
B 课程三个学分,成绩 80(B),应得点数为 3*3=9,
C 课程两个学分,成绩 98(A),应得点数为 2*4=8,
D 课程六个学分,成绩 70(A),应得点数为 6*2=12,
E 课程三个学分,成绩 89(B),应得点数为 3*3=9。
以上五项成绩 GPA:
GPA=[(4*4)+(3*3)+(2*4)+(6*2)+(3*3)]/(4+3+2+6+3)=3.00
美国 90%的学校GPA计算方法为 4.00 制(4.00 Scale)的,又有 1%的学校会采取 5.00 制。
即 A等成绩为 5,B 等为 4,C 等为 3,D等为 2,F 等为 1,这些学校的最低入学标准也就相应提高了。
中国学生在申请时,应按照自己原先学校采用的 GPA 制提供成绩,同时注明采用了哪一种 GPA 制,对于我国学生很不利的是中国大部分学校的评分相当严,所以很多优秀学生 GPA 换算出来以后还不到 3.0,在有些大学里班上前 5 名的学生平均成绩可能会在 75 左右。而有的学生虽然平均成绩上了 80 但用上述方法一计算也不到 3.0-这取决与 90 分以上科目和 80分以下科目的多少。
GPA 指标是十分重要的,因为它反映了申请者一贯的学习态度和能力。由于读研往往意味着你要和导师公事多年,他们需要了解你长期的学习能力。 所以一般认为GPA比 GRE 重要。3.3 分、3.4 分美国一流大学绝对可以了,但是光是 GPA 哪怕是 4 分也不一定能上美国一流大学,还是要看你的几门考试成绩。
I'm a graduate of Yale University. I have a Bachelor of Arts degree.
前面我们已经谈到了 graduate作名词用是“某个学校的毕业生” 。
比如,I am a graduate of Stanford University. Will is a graduate of University of International Relations.
从大学毕业都会有学位,那么不同的学位用英语如何表达呢?
我们知道,学士(本科毕业)用 bachelor 这个词,硕士学位是 master, 文科称为 arts, 理科则通称为 science.所以,文科学士为 Bachelor of Arts(B.A.), 理科学士是 Bachelor of Science (B.S.), 文科硕士和理科硕士分别为 Master of Arts(M.A.),Master of Science(M.S.), 博士则无论文理科都用 Ph.D.表示。大家熟知的 MBA就是 Master of Business Administration. 即“工商管理硕士” 。此外近来在美国又兴起 MPA, Master of Public Administration, 即“公共管理硕士” 。
This is my first year of college. I'm a freshman.
大学一年级的学生称为:Freshman;
大学二年级的学生称为:Sophomore;
大学三年级的学生称为:Junior;
大学四年级的学生称为:Senior.
需要注意的是 freshman通指男生和女生,没有 freshwomen这个词。
研究生则统称为 graduate student.
如果还要细分的话,硕士研究生为 master candidate, 博士研究生为 doctoral candidate.之所
以用 candidate “侯选人”这个词,是因为还没有通过论文答辩,还没有获得学位。
My uncle is a high school principal.
“校长”这个词在英语里面有不同的词来表示,小学校长是 school master, 中学校长是 principal, 大学校长则是 president.
如果你在讲英语的时候突然忘记了这几个词的具体指代, 就可以用 head of the school 来模糊表达,这样美国人也是能够听得懂的。总之,我们说英语有这样一条原则,即便是表达上稍微有些灵活变动,也不要卡在那里不开口,从而影响了表达和交流的流畅性。
I went to grade school in Shanghai, and high school in Chicago.
美国的教育一般分为四级:
学前教育 pre-school education;
小学教育 grade school;
中二、举一反三
1. If you expect to enter the university, you should apply now.
如果你期望进入这所著名中学,你就应该努力学习。
如果你期望找到一个好工作,你就应该把英语学好。
如果你期望把英语学好,你就应该多下功夫。
2. Will entered the university at the age of seventeen.
Tom七岁时上了小学。
Jenny14 岁上了中学。
Jim19 岁是上了大学。
3. He was admitted to Harvard University.
我已经被华盛顿大学录取了。
我弟弟被一所重点中学录取了。
我的一个朋友刚刚接到了耶鲁大学的录取通知书。
4. Do you live off campus?
你是住在校园里呢?
你是住在学生宿舍吗?
Peter 是住在公寓楼 103 房间吗?
6. How many mandatory courses should you take?
你们得上多少门选修课呀?
你得上多上少门必修课和选修课才能毕业呵?
7. here's the administration building?
学生餐厅在什么地方?
学校体育馆在什么位置?
学校的教学楼在什么地方?
8. During your first year of college, did you make straight A's?
在大学的头一年,你得到了好的分数了吗?
在大学你第二年,你得到过满分吗?
在你大学的第四年,你得到过 A+吗?
9. Isn't John graduating from college in June?
我将于 2003年从这所大学毕业。
他们马上要中学毕业了。
Mary是三年前大学毕业的。
10. I'd better start cramming.
你最好现在就开始突击复习。
我们最好现在就开始学习法语。
你最好明天就和教授谈谈话。
11. The library gets crowded right about now.
晚上教室都很拥挤。
图书馆在假期不挤。
12. I wonder if I have enough credits.
我想知道你是否讲英语。
我想知道你能否帮我一个忙。
我想知道他是不是从加州来的。
14. I am a graduate of Yale University. I have a Bachelor of Arts degree.
我是国际关系学院的毕业生。我有文学士学位。
他是加州大学的毕业生。他有理科硕士学位。
她是哈佛大学毕业的。她拥有博士学位。
15. This is my first year of college. I'm a freshman.
这是我大学的第二年。我是大二学生。
这是他大学的第三年。他是大三学生。
这是她大学的第四年。她是大四学生。
16. My uncle is a high school principal.
我祖父是一个小学校长。
他的父亲是大学校长。
18. My brother is a member of the faculty. He teaches economics.
我表姐是中学老师。她教音乐。
Brown是大学老师。他教国际政治。
Irene女士是大学教授。她讲授中国大众传媒。
19. John has extracurricular activities. He's on the football team.
我有很多的课外活动。我参加了网球队。
他的课外活动不多。他只参加了剧社。
我们的课外活动很丰富。我们参加了足球队和排球队。
20. In this college, students train to become diplomats.
在这所大学,学生被培养成为医生和护士。
在这所大学,学生被培养成为工程师。
在这所学院,学生们被训练成为军官。
2008-5-30 21:32
yuanhaimaoyi88
三、有问有答
1. A: If I want to enter college, when should I apply?
B:.
2. A: When did you enter high school?
B: .
3. A: I have an offer from Harvard University.
B:!
4. A: Do you live off campus?
B:.
5. A: My major is economics. ?
B:I major in music.
6. A: How many mandatory courses should you take?
B: .
7. A: Where's the administration building?
B:.
8. A: What kind of grades did you make in college?
B:.
9. A: When will you graduate from college?
B: .
10 A: Then final exam is coming!
B: .
11. A: Is the student's café very crowded now?
B:.
12. A: Have you got enough credits for graduating?
B: .
四、身临其境
2.
IRENE: ?
PAUL: Yes. I am interested in applying for graduate school here.
IRENE: Alright. Do you have some specific questions?
PAUL: Not really. I am in Madison visiting a friend. And I would like to go to school here too. So he told me to come to this office.
IRENE: ?
PAUL: No, I haven't sent the application.
IRENE: Well, I'm sorry to tell you, but the deadline for applications has already passed.
PAUL: I'm sorry. ?
IRENE: That means it is already too late to apply for school this fall semester.
PAUL: Really?
IRENE: Sure. So if you apply, you must apply to begin first semester next year.
PAUL: That is January next year. Yes?
IRENE: .
PAUL: Alright. Could you tell me what I need in my application?
IRENE: All the information is included in the application packet.
PAUL: I'm sure it is. But could you tell me also?
IRENE: All applicants to the graduate school must have three letters of recommendation, a
Personal Statement and one Resume. Also, all graduate students must have GRE or GMAT scores sent to us by the testing center.
PAUL: ?
IRENE: The application fee is $40.
PAUL: Alright. Give me one application packet please. I'll
IRENE :.
PAUL: Thank you.
第十五单元 Talking about Weather
一、经典句型
1. Nice day, isn't it?
2. What was the weather like yesterday? Yesterday it rained all day.
3. It looks like snow.
4. How's the weather in Boston? Is it mild?
5. It's very hot and humid.
6. What's the temperature today? It's 80 degrees.
7. There was a golf-ball-size hail this morning.
8. It's supposed to rain in the afternoon, don't forget to take your umbrella.
9. It'll be clear in the morning, and cloudy later.
10. It'll probably clear up this afternoon.
11. The wind is going down.
12. In winter the temperature will drop below zero.
13. We had lots of typhoons this year.
14. My laundry won't dry because ofthe humidity.
15. The days are getting hotter.
16. What does the weather forecast say?
17. I can't stand the heat in summer. It's boiling.
18. I'm hoping for a change in the weather.
19. Some people enjoy cold weather, but I don't.
20. It's a bit cold today.
Nice day, isn't it?
如果要主动和别人搭茬,这是个非常管用的句型。看起来是反意疑问句,其实则是在表达说话者本人的看法。回答这样的句子也有固定的套路,一般用 Oh yes it is. 表示附和对方的看法。其它表述天气的短句有:
Chilly Day!
Awful weather, isn't it?
Beautiful evening, isn't it?
What a nice / beautiful /awful/ terrible day!
What a downpour!
Days are getting hotter / colder!
What's the weather like yesterday?
What's the weather like ……? 这个句型是用来询问 “ (某个时间)天气如何”?
如:What's the weather like last week?
What's the weather like in winter?
如果昨天整天下雨,我们可以说 Yesterday it rained all day. 要是雨下得非常大,我们还可以说 What a downpour! “这是场倾盆大雨” 。
下大雨的表达方式非常丰富。
如:It's really coming down.
It's pouring. It's raining heavily.
It looks like snow.
It looks like …句型是用来表达“看上去要…了。 ”
例如:It looks like rain.
It looks like storm.
It looks like a wonderful day.
How's the weather in Boston? Is it mild?
How is the weather ……?这个句型的加上时间或地点状语,表示询问具体的天气状况。老 外常问我的一句话就是 How's the weather in Beijing? 当然还可以有 How is the weather in New York? How's the weather in the spring of London? How was the weather in Shanghai this summer? Mild表示天气是温和的,反义词是 harsh,意思是“ (天气)恶劣的”。
英语中有两个基本句型来询问天气,分别用 what 或 how,请注意动词的时态:
What's the weather like?
How's the weather?
What was the weather like?
How was the weather?
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
2008-5-30 21:32
yuanhaimaoyi88
It's very hot and humid.
如果要表达天气状况,英语中通常有两个句型:
It 引导句型,后面加 be和天象的形容词形式,或直接加表示天象的动词:
It was cloudy yesterday and it's windy today.
It's been cloudy all the week.
It's windy.
It's raining.
It's going to snow tomorrow.
It'll clear up soon.
There be引导的句型,后面加上天象的名词形式,但是注意原本不可数的表示天气的名词在这个句型当中,当作可数名词处理,表示一种天气状况。
There was a light shower in the morning.
There will be a big wind tomorrow.
There's a cool breeze outside.
There's a heavy rain last night.
There's a lot of fog today.
There is a lot of rain this year.
There's much less snow this year than last year.
另外,有时天象本身做主语,例如:
The wind is going down. (风小了。)
The fog is beginning to lift. (雾开始消散了。)
The rain is getting lighter. (雨小了。)
The snow is coming down. (下雪了。)
What's the temperature today? It's 80 degrees.
注意问气温多高是用的 what's 句型,美国官方虽然已经使用摄氏来表示温度,但普通美国人在日常生活中仍使用华氏温度计量,即 Fahrenheit。华氏温标规定水在 1 大气压下的凝固点为 32=F,而沸点为 212=F。难怪美国人会告诉你 The average temperature in summer in L.A. is 80 degrees. 华氏温度换算为摄氏的公式是“减去 32 在乘以 5/9”,相反则是“乘以9/5 再加上 32”,如40摄氏度大概相当于104华氏。
There was a golf-ball-size hail this morning.
Golf-ball-size 是一个复合名词,“高尔夫球大小的(冰雹)”,也可以说成是 egg-size,“鸡蛋大小的”。
It's supposed to rain in the afternoon, don't forget to take your umbrella.
It's supposed to ……是一个表示较肯定预测的句型。
例如:It's supposed to snow next week. It's supposed to have a sand storm in the spring.It'll be clear in the morning, and cloudy later.
这里我们可以总结一下用来描述天气的形容词:
clear “天气晴朗的” ,
cloudy “多云的”,
windy“风大的”,
sunny “阳光灿烂的”,
muggy “闷热的”,
boiling“炎热的”,
breezy “凉风吹拂的” ,
humid “潮湿的”,
freezing “冷得结冰的” 。
It'll probably clear up this afternoon.
Clear up是指天气由阴转晴。
如:The weather will clear up next week.
The wind is going down
“风势减弱”是用 go down, 如果是起风了,则是 The wind is rising. 或 The wind is getting stronger.
In winter the temperature will drop below zero.
温度“下降”用动词 drop, “上升”则是 rise. Below zero是零度以下,如果零度以上,则一般不作特别的说明。
We had lots of typhoons this year.
Typhoon就是台风,如果到了美国,还会常常听到 tornado这个词,就是“龙卷风”。北京近几年沙尘暴肆虐,在英语里就是 sand storm.
My laundry won't dry because of the humidity.
Laundry在这里可不是洗衣房,而是洗过的衣服。Humidity指“空气湿度” 。
The days are getting hotter.
The days 在这里表示“天气” ,get 在口语中相当于 become。
类似的句子还有:
In spring, it's getting warmer and warmer.
In winter, it's getting colder and colder.
What does the weather forecast say?
“天气预报”是 weather forecast, 可以泛指电视,广播,报纸和网络上的天气预告。 I can't stand the heat in summer. It's boiling.
如果你受不了炎炎夏日,就可以用上本句型。Stand 在这里可不是“站立”的意思,而是“忍受”。Hot 虽然可以表达天气热,但还有两个更生动的形容词,boiling和 scorching.
I'm hoping for a change in the weather.
要是接连下雨很多天,喜欢运动的你一定很郁闷, 这时不由自主地会感叹“天气赶快转晴就好了。”
2008-5-30 21:32
yuanhaimaoyi88
Some people enjoy cold weather, but I don't.
Enjoy是“喜欢热爱” ,例如:I enjoy cool days. I enjoy a big snowfall. Tom don't enjoy hot weather.
It's a bit cold today.
A bit 这个短语放在形容词前,表示“稍微(有点儿)”,如:It's a bit warm these days. The rain is a bit big. The wind is a bit strong.
二、有问有答
1. A: Nice day, isn't it?
B: .
2. A: ?
B: Yesterday it rained all day.
3. A: How's the weather in Boston? Is it mild?
B: .
4. A: ?
B: It's very hot and humid last month.
5. A: What's the temperature today?
B: .
7. A: It's supposed to rain in the afternoon, don't forget to take your umbrella.
B: .
8. A: ?
B: It'll be clear in the morning, and cloudy later.
10. A: How is the weather in winter?
B: .
11. A: We had lots of typhoons this year.
B: .
12. A: The days are getting hotter.
B: .
14. A: I can't stand the heat in summer. It's boiling.
B: .
15. A: ?
B: I'm hoping for a change in the weather.
17. A: ?
B: It's a bit cold today.
18. A: How was the weather in America this summer?
B: .
21. A: How do you like the weather in Beijing?
B: .
23. A: Nice and bright this morning!
B: .
24. A: How are the winters in Shanghai?
B: .
26. A: What a wonderful afternoon!
B: .
三、身临其境
1. Ann: Beautiful day, isn't it?
Bill: 天气并不像天气预报说的那样。
Ann: I wish it would stay this way for the weekend.
Bill: 只要别再下雪就可以了!
2. Anna: 看起来天要放晴了。
Jack: It's such a nice change.
Anna: I really don't think this weather will last.
Jack: 我只希望别再变冷就可以了。
3. Nick: It looks it's going to be sunny.
Mary: 是呀。今天天气比昨天好多了。
Nick: 可是有人说下个礼拜会有很多雨水。
Mary: Oh, let's just hope it stays warm.
4. Joe: 我想明天天气会好很多。
Mark: It's certainly a big improvement over yesterday.
Joe: But it's supposed to get cloudy and windy again this afternoon.
Mark: 冬天最冷的时间应该已经过去了。
5. David: !
Joanna: It is. Shinning sun and such pleasant breeze.
David: Why don't go to the beach?
Joanna: Beach? Isn't a bit cold at this time? ?
David: Paper says it's 10 centigrade.
Joanna: . Let's just go to the park nearby for some fresh air.
David: It's not that cold. . Come on Joan, put on you overcoat and go to the beach with me!
Joanna: No way. You know I'm from HK. You know the weather in HK, . It is very nice weather today, but to me . So, go to the park or otherwise we just stay warm at home.
6. Jackie: The weather is terrible today.
Daniel: 是呀。昨天阳光明媚,可现在却刮起了大风。
Jackie: 我妈妈已经打电话要我多穿些衣服了。
Daniel: 我也得穿些暖和的衣服。不然又得感冒了。
Jackie: That's right. Do it right now.
8. Lily: What are you doing, John?
John: I am reading the evening paper. I am checking the weather of Singapore.
Lily: 你是想到那里去旅行吗?
John: Yes I do. But Ican't stand hot weather, you know. 这个炎热的夏天把我折腾得够呛。
Lily: 去年这个时候我去过新加坡。这段时间那里的天气非常凉爽,而且没有暴雨。So if you go there now, I am sure you'll have a great time.
John: 报纸上也是这么说的。我想明天就去订机票和酒店。
Lily: That's a good idea!
2008-5-30 21:39
kevin87622
thank you for your sharing . ..........
i have had ur QQ. -----------kevin zhang
2008-5-31 22:16
yuanhaimaoyi88
外销员口语讲义
[size=7]外销员口语讲义[/size]第一讲
一、 考试说明
外销员《国际商务英语》考试要求考生的总体英语水平大致相当于大学非英语专业六级水平。考生认知词汇应达到5,000个以上(包括外经贸词汇术语),要求熟悉词与词的搭配,掌握正确的词序,区分常用词的风格及褒贬色彩。要求考生熟悉包括词法和句法的所有主要语法现象,规范地使用单词及词组,掌握各种时态及主动语态、被动语态,掌握运用包括虚拟语气在内的各种语气,掌握单句、复合句及复杂句,正确运用各种从句。
二、 题型要求和内容描述:
1、外经贸术语部分
要求掌握常用的外贸术语与缩写;各种贸易方式、贸易政策、措施;与外汇、关税、商检有关的术语;以及国内外主要经贸机构等。术语采用互译方式考试,范围一般不超出《国际商务英语》一书所给的术语。要求准确、规范,不允许出现拼写错误和错别字。
答题时要将英译汉、汉译英翻译准确;如果一个术语有几种译法的,答出任何一种均为正确。汉字不能有错别字,英语词不能有拼写错误,否则将按答错扣分。
2、单项选择练习部分
重点测试考生综合运用语言的能力。本题涉及各种词的运用,习惯用法,句子结构等各种语言现象。内容涉及一般语言现象和经贸英语中常见的语言现象。一般占整个试题的20%--50%。
多项选择(multiple choice)是早已广泛采用的一种考试和练习形式,在外销员考试题中一般占有25%的比重。这种形式多以英语句子为单位,要求在每题下面所给的A、B、C、D四个答案中选择一个正确的或最好的答案。这一题型可以综合地检查学员所掌握的各个语法方面,测试理解和综合运用语言的能力,同时保证了评分的客观性。
3、外经贸信函翻译部分
掌握外经贸英语信函的格式,信函的开头语及结束语的多种表达方式。能够翻译或撰写常用的外贸英语信函。译写信函要求完整、准确、无语法错误,符合英语用法习惯和外贸习惯,意思正确明了。外经贸信函内容重点在询价及答复、发盘及还盘、推销、定单及其执行、付款条款、保险、装运及索赔。本部分在全部考题中一般占15%---20%。
4、合同填制部分
要求能根据成交凭证(如中文合同或往来函电等),用简单明了、正确无误、符合英语用法习惯和外贸习惯的英语制作合同。填制合同的重点在考查付款条款、保险、包装、价格条款及装运,同时要注意合同的格式。本题一般占全部试题的10%---15%。
应填写的合同内容一般包括:合同号码、买卖双方的名称和地址、货物的品名、规格、数量、单价、总值、包装、唛头、装卸港、支付条件、签约日期和地点等。应试者要了解合同的内容,并且掌握制定合同所使用的外贸英语常用语各句型等。
5、审证改证部分
要求根据中文或英文合同审核信用证。发现两者之间的不符条款及其他有关问题,如:信用证种类、金额、有关商品品质、数量、价格、包装、装运、保险、付款、单证效期等,不但要审核信用证与合同的不符之处,还要注意审核信用证自身各条款间有无矛盾之处。要求改证的英文信不要求完整的格式,但要求表达清楚、简洁、语言正确。本部分一般占15%。
6、中英经贸短文互译部分
本题属于提高题的性质,翻译的难度高于信函翻译。要求做到译文完整地再现原意,语言正确通顺。英语水平欠缺的考生可能会感到一定的困难。目前本题在整个试题中一般占15%。
涉及内容包括一般的贸易惯例、程序和做法;外贸政策;外贸理论以及其它一些基本的对外贸易知识,也可能会涉及经贸报刊文章的内容。它涉及一定的专门知识,有自己特有的表达方式和行业术语,这些都要靠平时的积累。
7、口语部分
应具备听、说、译的基本技能。语音、语调基本正确;在涉外活动及业务谈判中能用英语进行交流。
三、经贸术语和常用词汇的应试技巧
(一)考试形式 :
经贸术语翻译是外贸英语考试试题的第一部分,所占比例为10%。在近几年的试卷中,有时,英译汉有10个名词,每个0.5分,而汉译英有5个名词,每个1分。有时则相反,即汉译英有10个,每个0.5分,英译汉有5个,每个1分。有时只要求英译汉或汉译英。
(二)答题要求:
1、两个词构成的术语,仅仅写一个不得分,单词拼写错误不能得分
2、“术语”的表述形式固定,不能随便更改。
“无追索权”without recourse 不能写为“with no right of recourse”
“市场准入“翻译为:market access 不能是market admission
3、注意“术语”中的词性
“议付”用名词negotiation ; “谈判”用动词negotiate
“循环信用证”revolving credit ,不能用 revolve credit
4、试题分析:
1)从1990年、1995年和2000年的试题来看,第一大题都是考查的经贸术语,英译汉部分都是10个术语,包括3、4个缩略语。比如90年考到了S.R.C.C(strike, riots and civil commotions,罢工暴动民变险)、D/A(documents against acceptance,承兑交单);95年考到了VAT(value-added tax,增值税)、PICC(the People’s Insurance Company of China,中国人民保险公司)、DES(Delivered Duty Paid,目的港码头交货);2000年考到了PNTR (Permanent Normal Trade Relations,永久性正常贸易关系)、FAQ (frequent asked questions,常见问题解答)、 DES 、FPA (free from particular average,平安险)。
2)其余的都是常用经贸术语,比如Bonded warehouse(保税仓库)、Certificate of origin(产地检验证书)、General Average(共同海损)、Irrevocable Letter of Credit(不可撤销信用证)、Multilateral trade(多边贸易)、Promissory note(本票)。
3)汉译英部分必须准确记忆。比如95年考到了零售价(retail price)、习惯包装(customary packing)、保函(letter of guarantee)等;2000年考到了世界银行(World Bank)、托运人(shipper/consigner)、国际商会(International Chamber of Commerce)等。
4)汉译英部分的评分标准要求比较细致。尤其注意的是,有些术语实际工作中可以采用其缩略词行事,但在考试中只有缩略词形式的,不得分。比如“国际商会”的缩略词是ICC,考试中必须写出全称。
5)应该掌握的术语缩写:
机构名称:
EU,ICC,IMF,ISO,OECD,UNCTAD,Commercial and Industrial Bank of China,CCIC,CQC,TPRM,TBT
经贸术语:
National treatment,CFR,CIP,FAS,FOB,,AR, B/L,C. T. D,CIC,D/A,D/D,D/P,FPA,G.A., L/C, S/O
第二讲
2008-5-31 22:16
yuanhaimaoyi88
第二讲
介词是置于名词或代词之前,以表示位置,方向,来源,方法等的词。不能单独在句子中充当一个成分,而必须和另外的词构成介词短语,来在句中担任一个成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中做状语,定语,表语或宾语的补语。
一、介词的种类
简单介词、合成介词、带-ing的介词和成语介词
1、简单介词:
About在附近,关于; against相反,靠着; around在…周围; as当作; beneath在…之下;between在…之间;by在附近,在旁边,经,由; despite不管,不顾; during在…的期间,在…的时候;for为了,因为;in在…之内,在…期间;of…的;on在…之上;over在…之上,越过;since自从;to向,往;until到…为止;with有,以。
2、合成介词:
Inside在…之内;into到…里面;onto在…之上;out of从里向外;outside在…外; throughout遍及,贯穿;upon在…之上;within在…之内;without没有。
3、带-ing词尾的介词
concerning关于;considering鉴于,考虑到;including包括;regarding关于。
4、成语介词:
According to依照,按照;along with连同…一起; apart from除…之外;as for;as regards;as to 关于、至于;because of因为;by means of;due to由于;except for除…以外。
二、介词的学习方法
1、准确记忆,掌握基本意义
每个介词都有多种意义,在学习过程中需要掌握它们的基本意义,然后进行准确记忆。
2、多做练习,熟悉特殊用法
介词与其他词的搭配非常繁琐,必须在多做练习的基础上熟练掌握。
3、勤于比较,日积月累
三、外贸英语中介词考试的特点
从历年的考题中可以发现,题目的题干一般涉及到外经贸实物的基本流程,小介词的用法和介词词组属于考查的重点。答好题的关键是在掌握专业词汇的基础上,熟悉常用介词的用法。例如:
1990年的考题:
5. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ____ rough handling.
A. from B. off C. in D. to
result from:由…产生
8. We look forward to ____ trial order.
A. receiving your B. receive from you C. receipt your D. receipt
look forward to:期待,盼望
9. In ____ of quality, our make is superior.
A. terms B. term C. connection D. connections
in terms of:根据,按照,在…方面
1995年的考题:
5. ____ an order for 100 pieces or more, we allow a special discount of 5% for payment by L/C.
A. At B. In C. On D. From
8. ____ crowded orders, we have sold out all the goods scheduled for shipment within this year.
A. As a result of B. In result of C. With the result of D. As result of
as a result:结果
14. In case you can make a reduction ____ 5% ____ your price, we may strike the deal with you.
A. of, of B. by, by C. of, in D. for, for
18. We are sorry to find that the damage ____ the goods was caused by heavy rain during transportation.
A. on B. for C. about D. to
2000年的考题:
1. Contracts must be renewed one week _______ their expiration.
A on B against C the moment of D before
2. The commodities you offered are ______ line with the business scope of our clients.
A outside B out of C out D without
out of line with 与…不一致;in line with与…一致
12. With computer users linked to the Internet growing _____ every year, business is trying to cash in on the worldwide network.
A at million B with a million C with one million D by millions
by millions:成百万的;cash in on:靠…赚钱
18 Subject to satisfactory arrangements ______ terms and conditions, we should be pleased to act as your sole agent.
A as B as per C as if D as to
as per:按照;as to:关于、至于、就…方面而言
19. Our usual terms of payment are ____ L/C and we hope they will be satisfactory ____ you.
A by, for B by, to C for, to D for, with
四、课本练习讲解
5. In terms of quality, our silk piece goods are superior ____ other brands.
A. to B. better C. for D. above
be superior to:优于,胜过;be inferior to劣于,低于
10. We can supply this type of machine ____ very favorable terms.
A. for B. to C. against D. on
15. You may count ____ our full cooperation in the settlement of this matter.
A. for B. of C. on D. 0
count on:依靠,指望
22. Good harvest this year had made it possible for us to supply walnuts ____ last year’s prices.
A. at B. in C. against D. on
24. We trust you will look ____ the matter without delay upon receiving the substantiating data concerning the damage.
A. on B. upon C. in D. into
look into:观察,调查
26. Last year, this market was almost at its bottom, ____ which our trade is now only recovering.
A. from B. for C. on D. against
recover from:从…恢复
27. ____ heavy commitments, we cannot accept any fresh orders.
A. Since B. Because C. Owing to D. In addition
29. ____ an order for over 500 pieces we would allow a special discount of 5%.
A. In case B. In case that C. In the case D. In case of
举例:In case of fire, ring the bell.
In case I forget, please remind me about it.
40. Any information sent to us will be held in strict confidence and will entail no obligation ____ your part.
A. on B. for C. after D. into
on one’s part/on the part of:在…一方;就…而言
51. In accordance ____ the terms of payment in the contract, please open an irrevocable L/C in our favor.
A. with B. for C. to D. as
in accordance with:与…一致,依照;in one’s favor:对…有利
61. We should be obliged if you could furnish us ____ a detailed report ____ the financial position, business lines and other aspects of the subject company.
A. for, on B. on, for C. with, for D. with, on
furnish…with…:供给
2008-5-31 22:17
yuanhaimaoyi88
第三讲
一、名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)主语从句
1、 由that引起的主语从句
例如:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
绝大多数包含主语从句的句子都借助先行词it作为形式上的主语,而把主语置于句末:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
1)It + be +形容词+ that-从句
2)It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
3)It + be +名词+ that-从句
4)It +不及物动词+ that-分句
2、由连接代词、连接副词或由连词whether引起的主语从句
Who is to head the delegation hasn’t been made public. 谁来领到这个代表团还没有宣布。
When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
3、由关系代词型what引起的主语从句
What he said was perfectly true.他讲的都是事实。
What you have to do is to choose a company to invest in. 你需要做的是选一家公司投资。
Whatever,whoever,whichever都可引起主语从句
Whatever she says goes. 一切她说了算。
Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎。
Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪一个,哪一个就是你的。
例题解析:
______ is more important is not to lose the business, even though this price will leave us no profit at all.
A. such B. It C. That D. What
(二)表语从句
表语从句在句子中作表语, 位于主句中的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词主要有:that, whether, when, where, because,etc。
1、表语从句多数都由that引起(有时that可以省略)
The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是最近谁也没有见过他。
My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就做准备开始工作。
2、表语从句也可由连接代词、副词引起:
That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。
3、关系代词型的what也可引起表语从句:
That’s what I want to stress.这是我想强调的。
Fame and personal gain is what they pursue.他们追求的是名利。
(三)宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1、 作动词的宾语
1)由that引起的宾语从句:
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
有些动词后的连词that常可省略,如believe,think,suppose,presume(假定,假设,认为),在say,see,know,hear,propose,understand和be told等动词后连词that可以用,也可以不用,在书面语中还是不省略为好。
例题解析:
We find ______ transshipment and partial shipment of the Printed Shirting are not possible.
A. that B. what C. where D. there
2)宾语从句也可以由连接代词、副词或连词whether(if)引起:
She inquired how we are going on. 她问我们情况怎样?
I wonder what’s happened. 我想知道发生了什么事。
He asked me where I was going. 他问我到哪儿去。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
例题解析:
Bearing this in mind, we are inquiring ______ we could now begin discussing the issue of sole agency.
A. if B. that C. what D. where
Inquire: ask about
In order to obtain the needed information, the inquirer should write simply, clearly, and concisely ______ he wants to know.
A. what B. that C. so D. because
2、作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间合作得如何。
例题解析:
To make profitable use of the Net, cyber-enterprises need to appreciate its uniqueness. It’s more like direct marketing, but a lot of people try to apply existing skills to ______ is an entirely new medium.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
Apply...to...: 把…应用于…
3、作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我弄错了。
I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4、It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month.我们听说她下个月要结婚了。
例题解析:
We made it clear ______ shipment will be effected in August.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
(四)同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1、同位语从句的功能
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 所有的士兵必须待在原地的命令是将军下达的。
I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
例题解析:
We invite your attention to the fact ______ the L/C covering your order No. 185 has not reached us in spite of our repeated requests.
A. what B. that C. where D. there
2、同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那儿得到运动会被推迟的消息。
二、定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中做主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
例题解析:
If you’re not yet online, you’re dead. This may well be the fear of people ______ have yet to connect to the global computer network.
A. who B. which C. 0 D. those
From the enclosed Invoice you will see that the price is well within the maximum figure ______ you stated.
A. what B. 0 C. who D. it
2) Whose 用来指人或物, 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
3)which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
例题解析:
We are reconsidering those trade terms ______ might be adverse to the interest of our principals.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
when, where, why
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
例题解析:
A database or data bank is a computer system ______ a collection of records are stored for future use.
A. what B. that C. where D. there
One of the hottest Net sectors is financial services, despite concerns about online security. “Financial instruments are ______ the future is on the Internet,” experts say.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
Your firm has been referred to us by the ABC Co., of Pakistan, ______ we have done business for many years.
A. which B. with that C. whom D. with whom
We can assure you that these suitings are very popular in the Far-East Markets, ______ we have had some experience.
A. which B. that C. of which D. of that
3 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
三、状语从句
1、 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
2、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
例题解析:
The machines were found to have been second-hand; they had been repainted and repackaged to appear ______ they were brand new.
A. as B. if C. though D. as if
3、 原因状语从句
1)because, since, as和for
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
例题解析:
______ our customers are now urgently needing the goods, we must ask you to make the earliest possible delivery.
A. As B. Because of C. That D. Whether
We regret having to decline your proposal, ______ this line of business has already been taken up by another company in your area on an exclusive basis for ten years commencing lasting year.
A. for B. but for C. however D. because of
2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
2008-5-31 22:17
yuanhaimaoyi88
第五讲
一、连词
(一)从属连词
1、引起时间从句的连词:
When,while,as,before,after,until (till),since,whenever
1)when用来表示时间的句型
when引导的时间状语从句,当主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时.when还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生.
He was having dinner when the telephone rang. 他正吃饭电话铃响了。
47. Export Credit can be called “Seller’s Credit” ______ the credit is extended by the bank to the exporter.
A. while B. when C. which D. even if
2)while可用来引导时间状语从句
while作为时间的常用连词,与as同义.所不同的是,while多指动作的过程,所指的时间幅度较宽,背景动作时间较长.有时在从句中省去与主句相同的主语和系动词be,直接用while doing来表示动作.
while也用于含有对比的意思,甲这样,而乙却那样.
Make hay while the sun shines. 趁太阳好垛干草。
例题解析:
55. ______ appreciating your order, we feel we must point out that our prices have already been cut to the minimum possible, and the same products are not obtainable elsewhere at our rates.
A. We are B. As we are C. When D. While
3)before用于时间状语从句
Just before I left London I sent him a telegram. 就在我离开伦敦前我给他发了一个电报。
I hadn’t waited long before she came. 我没等多久她就来了。
4)after引导时间状语从句
例题解析:
32.The letter of credit authorizes you to draw at 60 days on our bank in Chicago for the amount of your invoice ______ shipment is made.
A. after B. before C. behind D. follows
2、引起目的从句的连词
In order that, so that, so和that
in onder that…和so that基本相同,可以互换。这类从句有时可改成in order+不定式短语,或者so as +不定式短语。
They set out early in order that they could arrive in time. 他们出发得很早以便及时到达。
Speak clearly so that we can understand you. 讲清楚些,以便我们能听懂你的意思。
例题解析:
7. Letters of complaint should be written with care and tact ______ to harm future business relationships.
A. in order B. in not order C. in order not D. not in order
10. The consignment will be dispatched as soon as possible, ______ to reach the final destination by mid-October.
A. as B. so C. so as D. so that
3、引起结果从句的连词
So,that和so that,so…that用来表示结果
so连接前后两句,前句表示原因,后句表示结果。
连词so that连接的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,不能置于句首。so that引导结果从句时,主句和从句需用逗号分开。
由so+形容词或副词+that(连词)引导的结果从句,意为“这样…以至于;…得…;因为”。
so+形容词或副词+that引导的否定句,意为“如此…以至于”,“不能…”,可以转换为too…to句型。
The play began at eight, so they must dine at seven. 戏八点开始,所以他们得在七点吃饭。
I stopped so that you could catch up. 我停下来以便你能赶上。
He was so young that you must excuse him. 他太年轻了你必须原谅他。
It was so dark that he couldn’t see the faces of his companions.
= It was too dark for him to see the faces of his companions.
天太黑了他连同伴的脸都看不清。
4、引起让步从句的连词
引起让步从句的连词有though,although,even though(if),while等。
though是从属连词,表示让步意思,意为“尽管”。主句前,有时可用yet,still等词,但不可用but,这一点与汉语不同。让步从句置于主句前后均可。
though是连词,连接两个分句,第一分句含让步意义,第二分句由though连接。
Though times were changed, Bursley was still Bursley. 虽然时代变了,柏斯莱还是柏斯莱。
The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
Even though it’s hard work, I enjoyed it. 尽管工作艰苦,我还是很喜欢。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
(二)并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1、and 与or
They sat down and talked about something.
He didn’t yell or scream.
They started to dance and sing.
There’s one or two things I’d like to know about.
I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
注意:and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
or可引起分句,表示“否则”:
Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.
2、表示意思转折的连词
主要有but,yet,however,nevertheless
but是并列连接词,连接对等关系的单词、词组,但but在句中不作任何句子成份。but可边连接两个对等的句子,句中如果某些成分相同,则可以省略其中的一部分。
例题解析:
33. We recently secured increased overseas orders, ______ at the cost of a temporarily extended cash flow.
A. but B. while C. that D. therefore
However也表示转折,多插在句子中间:
She was not, however, aware of the circumstances. 不过她却不知道这一情况。
有时也可放在句首或句尾:
However, they did not seem to have much effect. 但它们却似乎没有多少作用。
You know all this as well as I do, however. 不过这一切你都和我一样清楚。
Nevertheless为副词,也表示意思的转折,多放在分句的开头或句子开头,有时插在句中或放在句尾。
例题解析:
25. On the whole, the Christmas sales last year were on a decline. ______, we made a substantial growth in our export.
A. Although B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. In addition to
3、表示因果关系的连词
1) for可表示原因,但引起的不是从句,而是分句,对前面谈的情况加以解释,有逗号把它和前面分句分开,在书面语中这样用时较多。
判断改错:
(错) For he is ill, he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today, for he is ill.
for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
so表示结果,可译为“因此”,“所以”,“于是”。
Therefore也可表示“因此”,“所以”,但比较文气一点,多放在分句或句子前面:
I think, therefore I am. 我思故我在。
有时也可插在句子中间:
He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me. 他走了,因此她把钱给了我。
例题解析:
29. The goods are urgently needed for production. We ______ hope you will deliver them immediately.
A. for this B. for that C. therefore D. in this case
4、其他并列连词
1)both …and 两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
2)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意: not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
As well as也起连词作用,表示“同”,“和”,“也”等:
This is a political as well as an economic question. 这是一个政治也是经济问题。
例题解析:
36. Naturally, a successful and attractive company profile sheet can elicit direct orders ______ requests for more detailed information.
A. as well B. as well as C. good as D. as good as
3)neithe…nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
二、状语
动词、形容词前边的表示状态、程度、时间、处所等等的修饰成分。
1、分词作状语:
现在分词(短语)也常可用作状语,通常有逗号把它和主谓语分开,可以表示伴随的情况、原因、时间等:
例题解析:
6.As said on the telephone this morning, we are sending you by separate airmail the samples, ______ you will find them satisfactory.
A. to hope B. hoping C. hopefully D. hope
58. ______ your inquiry of March 3 for a supply of Forever bicycles, we are pleased to quote as follows.
A. Replying to B. Replied to C. Relying on D. Relied to
2、独立主格结构:
独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
1.作时间状语
1)The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
2.作条件状语
1)Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
2)Such being the case,you have no grounds for dismissing him.=If such is the case,you have no grounds for dismissing him.(如果情况如此的话,你没有理由解聘他。)
3.作原因状语
1)The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. = Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班车走了,我们不得不走着回家。
2)Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. =As her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 衬衫挂在了钉子上,她动弹不得了。
三、倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:全部倒装和部分倒装。
1、全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 铃声响了。
Then came the chairman. 主席来了。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机底部发出来了一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman. 老妇人坐在了前面。
2、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
2008-6-1 10:25
christina_5
谢谢楼主,想要一个完整的:gzdl_christina@gmail.com
2008-6-1 21:20
huanhuaxijian
我有想要一份,[email]Cherrycheng2006@hotmail.com.thanks[/email]
2008-6-1 21:24
huanhuaxijian
我有想要一份,[email]Cherrycheng2006@hotmail.com.thanks[/email]
2008-6-4 17:08
Vicky_yun
谢谢LZ,偶发了个邮件给你,呵呵
页:
1
[2]
3
FOBShanghai.com 2001-2015