2008-5-9 10:24
vera_fang
汽车专业英语——Engine Terms（发动机术语）
汽车专业英语——Engine Terms（发动机术语）
Engine Terms（发动机术语）
TDC(top dead center) ― the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft.
TDC (上止点) - 当活塞离曲轴最远时，曲柄和活塞的位置。
BDC (bottom dead center) ― the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft.
BDC (下止点) - 当活塞离曲轴最近时，曲柄和活塞的位置。
stroke ― the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft.
行程 - 下止点和上止点之间的距离；行程由曲轴控制。
bore ― the internal diameter of the cylinder.
缸径 - 汽缸的内径。
swept volume ― the volume between TDC and BDC.
有效容积 - 上止点和下止点之间的体积。
engine capacity ― this is the swept volume of all the cylinders, e.g. a four-cylinder engine having a capacity of two liters (2000 cm3)
has a cylinder swept volume of 500 cm3.
发动机排量 - 这是全部汽缸的有效容积，例如一台排量为两公升(2000 cm3)的4个汽缸的发动机每一个汽缸的有效容积为500 cm3。
clearance volume ― the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC.
间隙容积 – 当活塞位于上止点时，活塞顶上面的气缸空间。
compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)/(clearance vol)
压缩比 = ( 有效容积 + 间隙容积 ) / ( 间隙容积 )
two-stroke ― a power stroke every revolution of the crank.
二冲程 – 曲柄旋转一圈作功一次。
four-stroke ― a power stroke every other revolution of the crank.
四冲程 - 曲柄旋转两圈作功一次。
Engine Block（气缸体）
The engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries.The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits inside the block, except on overhead-cam engines (OHC). In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are castings.
气缸体是发动机的基本框架。发动机的其他零件都安装在它里面或者固定在它上。缸体里有气缸，水套和油道。曲轴也固定在气缸体底部。除了顶置凸轮(OHC)发动机以外，凸轮轴都安装在气缸体里面。在大多数汽车里，气缸体由灰铸铁或者一种灰铸铁和其他金属的合金(混合物)做成，例如镍或铬。气缸体是铸件。
Some engine blocks, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engines are lined with iron or steel sleeves. These sleeves are called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.
有些气缸体，特别是在小汽车里的那些，都是由铝做成的。这种金属比铸铁轻得多。但是，铸铁的耐磨性比铝好。因此，在大多数铝制发动机的气缸内镶有铸铁或者钢的轴套。这些轴套叫做气缸套。而有些气缸体完全由铝做成。
Cylinder Head（气缸盖）
The cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. The most common cylinder head types are the hemi, wedge, and semi-hemi.All three of these terms refer to the shape of the engine's combustion chamber. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by the push-rods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement. Like the cylinder block, the head is made from either cast iron or aluminum alloy.
气缸盖固定在气缸体的顶上，正像屋顶套在一所房子上面一样。气缸盖下面与活塞顶上的空间形成燃烧室。最常见的气缸盖类型是半球形，楔形和准半球形。这三种说法都是指燃烧室的形状。气缸盖携带阀门，气门弹簧和在摇臂杆上的摇臂，这部分的气门传动机构通过推杆工作。有时，凸轮轴直接安装在气缸盖上并且不用摇臂控制阀门工作。这被叫为顶置凸轮轴装置。像气缸体一样，气缸盖是由铸铁或者铝合金制成。
Gasket（衬垫）
The cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must be gas-tight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. This is a sandwich gasket, i.e. a sheet of asbestos between two sheets of copper, both these materials being able to withstand the high temperature and pressures within the engine.
气缸盖与气缸体用高强度的钢螺栓缚连结。气缸体和气缸盖之间的连接必须密封以便没有燃烧的混合气体泄漏。这通过使用气缸盖衬垫实现。这是一个夹层衬垫，即在两片铜之间放一片石棉，这两种材料都能禁得住在发动机内的高温和高压。
Oil Pan or Sump（油底壳）
The oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase; they enclose, or encase, the crankshaft. The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus, there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.
油底壳通常由钢冲压形成。油底壳和气缸体的下半部分一同被叫做曲轴箱；他们把曲轴封闭起来。润滑系统中的机油泵从油底壳抽取油并把油输送到发动机内全部正在工作的部分。机油流出后又流回油底壳。因而在油底壳和发动机工作零件之间有机油不断流动循环。